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Environmental Pollution Control: BITS Pilani

This document discusses waste water treatment processes. It begins with an outline of the topics to be covered, including primary treatment processes like pretreatment, sedimentation, and flotation. It then describes the characteristics of industrial wastewater and the standards for wastewater treatment. The document proceeds to explain several basic treatment processes in more detail, including physical, chemical, and biological methods. Primary treatment methods like screening, grit removal, and sedimentation are explained. The theory of sedimentation and design of grit chambers are also covered.

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Anubhav Narwal
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102 views26 pages

Environmental Pollution Control: BITS Pilani

This document discusses waste water treatment processes. It begins with an outline of the topics to be covered, including primary treatment processes like pretreatment, sedimentation, and flotation. It then describes the characteristics of industrial wastewater and the standards for wastewater treatment. The document proceeds to explain several basic treatment processes in more detail, including physical, chemical, and biological methods. Primary treatment methods like screening, grit removal, and sedimentation are explained. The theory of sedimentation and design of grit chambers are also covered.

Uploaded by

Anubhav Narwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Environmental Pollution Control

CHE F411

BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

Ajaya Kumar Pani

Department of Chemical Engineering


B.I.T.S-Pilani, Pilani Campus

Lecture-22
14-10-2016
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

Waste Water Treatment


BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

CHE F411Environmental Pollution Control

Industrial Waste Water


Characteristics
Characteristics and pollutant levels vary from industry to
industry
Pollutants conventional, non conventional, priority

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CHE F411Environmental Pollution Control

Industrial Waste Water


Characteristics

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Waste Water Treatment


Standards

http://cpcb.nic.in/GeneralStandards.pdf
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Waste Water Treatment


Standards

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http://www.cpcb.nic.in/Industry_Specific_Standar
7
ds.php
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

CHE F411Environmental Pollution Control

Outline
Basic processes of water treatment
Primary treatment
Pretreatment
Sedimentation (in detail)
Flotation
Secondary (Biological) Treatment
Activated sludge Process
Trickling Filters

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Degrees of treatment

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Basic Processes of Water


Treatment

Treatment

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Physical

Screening, Sedimentation, floatation


and filtration

Chemical

Precipitation, Coagulation and


disinfections

Physical &
Chemical

Air stripping, Carbon adsorption,


Oxidation and reduction, Ion
exchange, and membrane Processes

Biological

Biofiltration and Activated Sludge


Process

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CHE F411Environmental Pollution Control

Basic Processes of Water


Treatment
Another classification of waste water treatment processes
Primary Treatment
Removes identifiable suspended solids and floating
matter
Secondary Treatment
Also known as biological treatment (organic matter that
is soluble or in the colloidal form is removed
Tertiary Treatment
Also known as advanced waste treatment (may involve
physical, chemical or biological processes)

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Primary Treatment
Primary Treatment Process
Pretreatment
Discrete Settling

Sedimentation
Flocculent Settling

Flotation
Zone Settling

Pretreatment
Is used to remove large floating and suspended solids. This
process consists of screening and then grit removal
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Pretreatment

Manuallyraked bar screen

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Mechanically-raked bar screen

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Pretreatment
Alternative of Screening Comminuter

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Pretreatment

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Pretreatment

Bar rack (on right) in service. Comminuter (on left) out of


service.
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Grit Chamber
Intense dense materials (sand, broken glass, pebbles)
After screening, the wastewater enters into a grit
chamber for the removal of inorganic grit, consisting of
sand, gravel and pebbles.
These chambers are generally designed as long
chambers and the velocities of waste flow is reduced to 3
cm/sec, which allows settling of the grit material.
The grit can be removed by scrappers.
Grit chambers are provided to protect pumps from
abrasion and to reduce the formation of heavy deposits in
pipes and channels.
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Grit Chamber

Velocity controlled grit chamber. Left chamber in service. Right chamber out of service.
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Grit Chamber Design


Example 1 (Text Book 2, Page 311)
Given particle dia, density, grit chamber dimension, waste
water inlet flow and velocity.
To determine the settling of the particles in the grit chamber
Solution steps
Calculate terminal settling velocity
Determine the depth through which the particle has to fall
Determine whether time for vertical motion < time for
horizontal motion

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Grit Chamber
Aerated

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Vortex

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Sedimentation
The solids are removed by gravitational settling under
quiescent conditions.
The sludge formed at the bottom of the tank is removed
as underflow either by vacuum suction or by raking it to a
discharge point.
Three types:
Rectangular horizontal flow
Circular radial flow
Vertical flow

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Sedimentation
Rectangular Horizontal flow

Sludge Scrapper
It conveys the overflow from the chamber to the outlet section
It prevents the sludge to go out with the overflow
It helps to come out the sludge pushing the settle solids into a
sludge hopper.
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Sedimentation
Circular radial flow
Over flow is collected at
weirs.
A rotary
sludge
scrapper (rotate as a fan)
forces the settle sludge down
into a central hopper.
Vertical flow
It is used for small scale
operation. A sludge blanket
(filter for small particles is
maintained in the lower part of
the tank through which the
suspension rises.
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Theory for Sedimentation


(settling)
Discrete Settling: A particle in suspension is accelerated until a
limiting terminal settling velocity (vt) is reached. The
sedimentation tanks are designed in such a way that all particles
with settling velocity greater than and equal to vt will be
removed.
Critical Particle: will be one
that enters at the top of the
settling zone A, and settles
with a velocity just sufficient
to reach the sludge zone at
point B. The particle falls
through a depth H with
H
retention time to
to
..9.1
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vt

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Theory for Sedimentation


(settling)
In the same time, the particle travels a distance L with a
horizontal velocity vh and therefore
t0

Again

L
vh

..9.2

Q
HW

Where, Q = inflow rate, W = width of the


tank
Equating equation 9.1 and 9.2
then

vh

H
L

vt
vh

Hvh
Q
Q
vt

.......9.3
L
LW A
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THANK YOU
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