Telecom Call Flow
Telecom Call Flow
Slide 1
Proprietary
Proprietary and
and Confidential
Confidential
Slide 2
Slide 3
MSC
Base Station Controller
BSC
BTS
BTS
MSC
BSC
MSC
BTS
Person A
Slide 4
BTS
Person
B
Slide 5
Slide 6
Slide 7
MSC
Binary Files
Mediation
Rating
Convert to ASCII
Rating of CDR
Filter
Slide 8
Billing
Billing
Slide 9
Prepaid
Postpaid
Roaming
Interconnect
Services
Slide 10
Voice
SMS
MMS
GPRS
VAS
PRS
CUG
CLI
Call Forward
Cor
e
Add-on
Supplem
ent
Proprietary and Confidential
The CDR
Slide 11
NETWORK SCENARIO - I
Slide 12
NETWORK SCENARIO II
Slide 13
Slide 14
NETWORK SCENARIO IV
Slide 15
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Slide 16
Customization
Development
Implementation
Solution Designs
UAT User Acceptance testing
UAT Signoff
Go Live
SLA - Service Level Agreement
Post Implementation Support
Support and Manage Service Handover
POSTPAID
Slide 17
Billing
Invoicing
BSS
Keeps CDR till
end of the
month
Does billing at
the end of the
month
Apply
discounts and
adjustments
Rating
Mediation
Switch
Call
Contains
rate
Convert
data
plans and
from Binary to
Authentication
subscriber
ASCII
Routing
details
Apply Filtration
Rates CDRs
rules
from Mediation
Slide 18
OSS
Network
Radio trafc
Network
Management
Contains
towers, BTS,
and BSCs
Network
Switch
Mediatio
n
Rating
Billing
Invoicin
g
CDR Flow
Signal Flow
Billing Flow
Slide 19
Network
Switch
Mediatio
n
SMSC
Billing
Invoicin
g
CDR Flow
Signal Flow
Billing Flow
Slide 20
Rating
Network
Switch
Mediatio
n
MMSC
Billing
Invoicin
g
CDR Flow
Signal Flow
Billing Flow
Slide 21
Rating
Network
Switch
Mediatio
n
SGSN
Billing
Invoicin
g
CDR Flow
Signal Flow
Billing Flow
Slide 22
Rating
Network
SMSC
MMSC
SGSN
Content
Server(
s)
(e.g.
RBT)
Switch
Mediatio
n
SGSN
Portal
Billing Flow
Slide 23
Billing
Invoicin
g
CDR Flow
Signal Flow
Rating
PREPAID
Slide 24
IN
(SCP / SDP)
Network
CDR Flow
Signal Flow
Switch
Prepaid
Data
Warehouse
Mediatio
n
SCP Talks with the Switch and is responsible for call flow
and CDR generation.
SDP maintains the current balance and service authorized
to each of the prepaid Subscribers
Slide 25
Slide 26
IN
Network
CDR Flow
Switch
SMSC
Signal Flow
Slide 27
Network
Switch
IN
MMSC
CHARGIN
G
GATEWAY
CDR Flow
Signal Flow
Slide 28
Mediation
Network
CDR Flow
Switch
IN
SGSN
CHARGIN
G
GATEWAY
Mediation
Signal Flow
Slide 29
Network
Content
Server
Switch
IN
SMSC
MMSC
SGSN
CHARGIN
G
GATEWAY
CDR Flow
Signal Flow
Slide 30
Mediation
Prepaid Recharges
Voucher
Rechar
ge
System
Electronic
ATM
Internet
Me2U
Slide 31
INTERCONNECT
Slide 32
Interconnect
Consider a case where a Person (A) from Operator Axis calls a person (B)
of Operator basic.
Operator Axis will charge Person A for making an outgoing call (MOC).
But Operator Basic network was also used to Terminate the call.
Not network usage involve cost of running the network.
Now Operator Basic will CHARGE Operator Axis for letting it terminate the
call.
This charge is called the interconnect charge.
Note: In this case, both customers are present in their own networks.
Operator Axis
Person
A
Slide 33
Interconnect
Charging
Call Flow
Operator Basic
Person
B
INTERCONNECT - INCOMING
Slide 34
INTERCONNECT - OUTGOING
Slide 35
Transit Call
This is defined as a call that originates in one
network operator and terminates in another
network operator having passed through a third
operator which acts as a transit. Each transit call
is split into two - Incoming Transit and Outgoing
Transit. The diagram given below highlights the
incoming and outgoing transits.
Slide 36
ROAMING
Slide 37
Roaming
India
Operator GAIN
Slide 38
USA
Operator MATRIX
National Roaming
Slide 39
National Roaming
The Call Flow can be traced as given below:
B a subscriber of the Connect Network in Kolkata travels to Delhi. A,
another subscriber of the same network is unaware that B is not in
Kolkata and calls B.
The Call travels to the Kolkata MSc since Bs number is registered there.
The MSC does a Locational Update in its HLR to find out whether B is
within his own network. Once the switch ascertains that B is travelling in
Delhi, it transmits the call to the Delhi operators Switch.
The Delhi Operators switch will validate the authenticity of the
subscriber as a valid roamer.
The Switch will also generate an MSRN (Mobile Station Roaming
Number) number for B and transmits the call to that number after
satisfactory authentication.
Therefore A, who is blissfully unaware of all these complications, has
performed an innocent local call to B. However, B, will be charged by the
Delhi Operator for having used their network and hence will have to pay
roaming charges.
Slide 40
International Roaming
Slide 41
International Roaming
The Kuwait GMSC will forward the call to the Kuwait MSC.
Slide 42
TAP
Slide 43
Provisioning
Switch
Customer
(Point of
Sale)
IN
Billing
Slide 44
Key Terms
Slide 58
Slide 59
Slide 60
SIM
The subscribers Identification module (SIM) refers to the
user subscription to the mobile network. The SIM contains
relevant information that enables subscribers access to the
operator network which he/she has subscribed to.
Slide 61
IMEI
Each GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) mobile
phone is assigned a unique 15 digit IMEI code when it is
produced. This code is used to identify an individual GSM
mobile telephone to a telephone network.
Example 356962016225920
Slide 62
IMSI
Each GSM mobile subscribers SIM is assigned a unique 15digit IMSI code. This IMSI allows any mobile network to
know the home country and network of the subscriber.
The IMSI code comprises three parts Mobile Country Code
+ Mobile Network Code + Mobile Station Identification
Number (MCC+MNC+MSIN).
E.g. for USA, the numbering scheme is 310151234567890
310 is the MCC, 15 is the MNC and 1234567890 is the MSIN.
Slide 63
MSIN
This number is used to uniquely identify a mobile or
subscription from within a network. This number is attached
to the SIM card and is comprised of a maximum of 10 digits.
This number only helps to authenticate the handset in the
AUC/HLR and does not enable him to make calls.
Slide 64
MSISDN
This is the standard international telephone number used to
identify a given subscriber. This number helps the subscriber
to make calls by validating through the HLR.
The MSISDN comprises three parts Country Code (CC) +
National Destination Code (NDC) + Subscriber Number.
For example, For Airtel, Kolkata, the numbering scheme is
+919831052855.
91 is the Country Code. The NDC comprises of 9831(0-9)(5
digits).
Slide 65
MSRN
The Mobile Station Roaming Number, irrespective of the use
of the term Roaming in its nomenclature, is used in all call
terminating sessions. In every session, the HLR assigns an
MSRN to the called number through the MSC. Once the call
is answered the MSRN is released.
Slide 66
Slide 67
hen we are working in revenue assurance, all the call flows are with respect to
e operator for which we are implementing our solution.
our company, we use the terms Served MSISDN and Other Number to signify the
rved party and other customer respectively.
Slide 68
Slide 69
Storing in CDR
Operator
Type of
Event
event
P calls Q MO
Q calls P MT
of P
A
Calling
Party B party Party
P
Q
P
Q
P
Q
Called
Party
Q
P
Served
MSISDN
P
P
Other
Number
Q
Q
Operator
Type of
Event
event
P calls Q MT
Q calls P MO
of Q
A
Calling
Party B party Party
P
Q
P
Q
P
Q
Called
Party
Q
P
Served
MSISDN
Q
Q
Other
Number
P
P
Slide 70
Call Scenarios
Slide 71
Hutch Kolkata
MSC
A
B
C
Slide 73
MTC Kuwait
MSC
B
Tel UK
MSC
A calls B
Hutch Kolkata
MTC Kuwait
MSC
A
MSC
IDEAL PATH
OTHER
NUMBER
OTHER
COUNTRY
SERVED MSRN
With respect to B on
Kuwait Switch
Slide 74
SERVED MSRN
COUNTRY
THIRD PARTY
A calls B
When the call is initiated by A, there is an interrogation at the HLR which returns
the current location of the dialed number. In this case it is Kuwait. The call is
forwarded to the Gateway MSC which then connects the call via the
International Gateway (VSNL in India) to one of the Gateway MSCs in Kuwait
which are configured to receive such calls.
These MSCs have numbers associated with them (called Mobile Station Roaming
Numbers, MSRNs), which in this case would look like an MTC number. Then this
Gateway MSC in Kuwait would connect the call to the number corresponding to
With respect to A on Hutch
the dialed
digits of A.
Switch
CALL TYPE
1 (MO)
SERVED
MSISDN
A
OTHER
NUMBER
B
OTHER
COUNTRY
IND
SERVED MSRN
SERVED MSRN
COUNTRY
THIRD PARTY
MTC MSRN
KWT
MTC MSRN
KWT
IND
With respect to B on
Kuwait Switch
2 (MT)
Slide 75
B calls A
Hutch Kolkata
MTC Kuwait
MSC
A
MSC
B
IDEAL PATH
OTHER
NUMBER
OTHER
COUNTRY
SERVED
MSRN
SERVED MSRN
COUNTRY
THIRD
PARTY
B calls A
The MO call from B is routed back to India. The MO call will be present
in the TAP IN file sent to Hutch by the Kuwait MTC.
The incoming call to A will look like any ordinary local MT on the Hutch
switch.
SERVED
MSISDN
A
OTHER
NUMBER
B
OTHER
COUNTRY
IND
SERVED
MSRN
SERVED MSRN
COUNTRY
THIRD
PARTY
IND
P calls B
Hutch Kolkata
MTC Kuwait
MSC
MSC
B
SERVED
MSISDN
OTHER
NUMBER
OTHER
COUNTRY
SERVED
MSRN
SERVED MSRN
COUNTRY
THIRD
PARTY
Slide 78
P calls B
Ps call is routed back to India and it is then Roaming Call Forwarded
(26) to B in Kuwait.
There might be special services like Optimal Routing, which if in place
in Kuwait, might avoid this routing back to India and result in lower cost
while making roaming calls for the Indian Customer.
SERVED
MSISDN
P
OTHER
NUMBER
B
OTHER
COUNTRY
IND
SERVED
MSRN
SERVED MSRN
COUNTRY
THIRD
PARTY
MTC MSRN
KWT
MTC MSRN
KWT
KWT
Slide 79
B calls P
Hutch Kolkata
MTC Kuwait
MSC
MSC
SERVED
MSISDN
OTHER
NUMBER
OTHER
COUNTRY
SERVED
MSRN
SERVED MSRN
COUNTRY
THIRD
PARTY
Slide 80
B calls P
Bs call is connected to P. Only MTCs network is used.
There is not activity in the Hutchs network and hence Hutch is not
aware of the call until they receive the TAP IN file from MTC.
SERVED
MSISDN
P
OTHER
NUMBER
B
OTHER
COUNTRY
IND
SERVED
MSRN
SERVED MSRN
COUNTRY
THIRD
PARTY
KWT
B calls C
Hutch Kolkata
MTC Kuwait
MSC
MSC
Tel UK
MSC
SERVED
MSISDN
OTHER
NUMBER
OTHER
COUNTRY
SERVED
MSRN
SERVED MSRN
COUNTRY
THIRD
PARTY
B calls C
Hutch Kolkata
Tel UK
MSC
MSC
MTC Kuwait
MSC
SERVED
OTHER
MSISDN
NUMBER
1 (MO)
B
C
With respect to B on Hutch Switch
OTHER
COUNTRY
IND
SERVED
MSRN
SERVED MSRN
COUNTRY
THIRD
PARTY
TEL MSRN
UK
TEL MSRN
UK
IND
P calls C
Hutch Kolkata
MTC Kuwait
MSC
MSC
Tel UK
MSC
SERVED
MSISDN
OTHER
NUMBER
OTHER
COUNTRY
SERVED
MSRN
SERVED MSRN
COUNTRY
THIRD
PARTY
Slide 84
P calls C
Hutch Kolkata
MTC Kuwait
MSC
MSC
Tel UK
MSC
SERVED
MSISDN
P
OTHER
NUMBER
C
OTHER
COUNTRY
IND
SERVED
MSRN
SERVED MSRN
COUNTRY
THIRD
PARTY
TEL MSRN
UK
TEL MSRN
UK
KWT
Slide 85
C calls P
Hutch Kolkata
MTC Kuwait
MSC
MSC
Tel UK
MSC
SERVED
MSISDN
OTHER
NUMBER
OTHER
COUNTRY
SERVED
MSRN
SERVED MSRN
COUNTRY
THIRD
PARTY
Slide 86
C calls P
Hutch Kolkata
MTC Kuwait
MSC
MSC
Tel UK
MSC
SERVED
MSISDN
C
OTHER
NUMBER
P
OTHER
COUNTRY
KWT
SERVED
MSRN
SERVED MSRN
COUNTRY
THIRD
PARTY
IND
Slide 87
Slide 88