Power Electronics
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya
Department of ECE
Indian Institute of Information Technology-Allahabad
Room No. 2221, CC-I
Telephone: 2131
Email:
[email protected] Power Electronics
Contents:
o Introduction: Introduction to Power Electronics,
Overview and Applications of power devices.
o Inverters: Principle of operation of Inverters, Half
bridge, full bridge, three phase- six step
o Power semiconductor devices: Power diodes,
SCR: Device structure, Static characteristic,
dynamic characteristic,constraints of Turn on and
Turn off time, Power MOSFET, IGBT.
operation,voltage control, PWM techniques.
o Rectifiers: Diode rectifiers Applications: Power
Supplies, chemical process, Single phase Half
o Dc-Dc Converters: DC- DC Power Converters,
Limitations
of
Linear
Power
supplies
Switched Power Power supplies (Buck, BuckBoost, Boost, Cuk, Fly-back and Forward
Converters), Transfer function for these converters.
wave with R load, Single phase Half wave with R-L
load, Single phase Full bridge rectifier with DC link
capacitive filter, issue of harmonics, Three phase
Full bridge rectifier with DC link capacitive filter,
issue of harmonics.
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Reading Materials:
a) Rashid M. H., Power Electronics Circuits
Devices and Applications, 3rd Ed., Pearson
Education.
b) P S Bimbhra, Power Electronics 2012
Power Electronics
Course Evaluation:
o
o
o
o
o
Mid Term Exam: 30 Marks
End Term Exam: 75 Marks
Quiz: 15 Marks
Assignments/Quiz: 15 Marks
Attendance & Allied Works: 15 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
Modern power electronics is the application of semiconductor devices to the control and conversion
of electrical power.
The availability of solid state power switches such as the
thyristor and GTO,
BJT,
MOSFET and
IGBT power transistors,
has created a very rapid expansion in power electronic applications from relatively low power control
of domestic equipment to high power control of industrial processes and very high power flow control
along transmission lines.
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
History:
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
History:
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
History: IGBT, Professor B Jayant Bagila
Baliga grew up in Jalahalli, a small village near Bangalorefounding President
Indian branch of institutes of Radio engineers, which later became the IEEE in
India.received his B.Tech in EE from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras,
in 1969, and his MS (1971) and PhD (1974) in EE from the Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute. Now at North Carolina State University in 1988 as a Full Professor.
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
History:
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
India:
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
India:
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
UK:
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
UK:
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
UK:
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
India:
DC VOLTAGE LEVEL(COMMERCIALLY OPERATIONAL) : 800 kV , HVDC Biswanath Chariali (in
the state of Assam, NE India) - Agra(in the state of UP) is the highest operational transmission
voltage level (including ac and dc operational voltage level) in India. Its about 1750 km long and
can carry 6000 MW of power.
The above examples shows spectacular power developments.
In 1990, in one area alone, that of variable speed drives, about 80 million worth of business was
done in the UK, roughly equally shared between a.c. and d.c. drives.
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2016
Power Electronics
Introduction
A Power Electronic System
The power source could be three-phase, or single-phase, a.c. mains or it could be a portable supply
such as a d.c. battery.
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
A Power Electronic System
A filter may be necessary to prevent any harmonics generated by the converter from being fed back
to the mains or from being radiated into space.
National and international standards for electromagnetic compatability (EMC) are now legally binding
on manufacturers of power electronic equipment.
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
A Power Electronic System
The control circuit monitors the condition at the load, compares this with preset values and then
adjusts the converter drive as necessary.
The power conditioner is an arrangement of semiconductor devices all operating in the switching
mode. This means that the device is switched from cut-off to saturation ('off' to 'on') by the application
of gate, or base, drive pulses. The ideal switch would have full voltage across it when 'off', and zero
voltage across it when 'on'.
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
A Power Electronic System
The power conditioner is an arrangement of semiconductor devices all operating in the switching
mode. This means that the device is switched from cut-off to saturation ('off' to 'on') by the application
of gate, or base, drive pulses. The ideal switch would have full voltage across it when 'off', and zero
voltage across it when 'on'.
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
Switching Characteristics
The practical switch departs from the ideal in the manner shown. In this case a thyristor has been
used as the switch, but a power transistor would have a similar switching characteristic.
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
Switching Characteristics
where VT is the voltage drop across the thyristor, VL is the load voltage, I is the circuit current and R
is the load resistance. Ideally when the switch is 'off', VT = Vs and VL = 0, and
when the switch is 'on', VT = 0 and VL = Vs.
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
Choice of Power Switches
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
Choice of Power Switches
MOSFETs and IGBTs have the simplest driving requirements; they are voltage controlled and the
gate current is virtually zero during the 'on' period. However, they lack the reverse blocking capability
which make the thyristor, Triac and GTO so suitable for a.c. mains power applications. With d.c. link
inverters, the d.c. side means that turning off thyristors requires a forced commutation circuit, and
GTOs are better.
However, if MOSFETs are available with the correct rating then these, with reverse conducting
diodes for inductive loads, would be a simpler choice.
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
Power Conditioners
Depending on the type of source and the type of load, the power conditioner, or converter, falls into
the following categories:
o a.c.-d.c, controlled rectifiers
The a.c. to d.c. controlled rectifier provides a variable d.c. load voltage from a fixed voltage and
frequency a.c. source. In the UK, the single-phase a.c. line to neutral voltage is nominally 240V,
50Hz. The three-phase a.c. line to line voltage is nominally 415 V, 50 Hz.
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
Power Conditioners
Depending on the type of source and the type of load, the power conditioner, or converter, falls into
the following categories:
o d.c.-d.c, choppers
The d.c. to d.c. chopper provide variable d.c. load voltage from a fixed d.c. source voltage, typically a
battery.
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
Power Conditioners
Depending on the type of source and the type of load, the power conditioner, or converter, falls into
the following categories:
o a.c.-a.c, controllers
The a.c. to a.c. controllers provide variable a.c. load voltage from a fixed a.c. source voltage at
constant frequency.
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
Power Conditioners
Depending on the type of source and the type of load, the power conditioner, or converter, falls into
the following categories:
o d.c.-a.c, inverters
The d.c. to a.c. inverters produce a variable a.c. voltage and frequency from a fixed voltage d.c.
source.
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
Power Electronics
Introduction
Applications of Power Electronics
industrial processes in the chemical, paper and steel industries;
domestic and theatre lighting;
motor drives from food mixers and washing machines through to lifts and
locomotives such as Indian Railways, Eurostar, Amtrack, etc.';
power supplies for laboratories and uninterruptible power for vital loads;
generation and transmission control;
heating and ventilating of homes and office blocks.
Everywhere!
Faculty-in-charge: Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya 2017
