CBL Overview

Cement Evaluation
Tool
- Cement bond log _ ( CBL )
Presented by :- mohamed taher
eleidoudi
omar ali omar enser
reda
Topics
: Quick basics of purposes of cement & scenarios
bond logs run in
How traditional acoustic bond logs work and
what is measured and presented
Amplitude
Travel Time
Examples of good cement bond and free pipe
and what things to look for
Channeling why run a radial investigation log
Amplitude and cement compressive strength
build up over time
PURPOSE OF CEMENT
Cement is used for:
structural support
to the
casing to reduce the risk of a
casing failure
providing hydraulic & gas
isolation
preventing production of
unwanted formation fluids
isolating intervals to ground
water (ERCB)
providing structural strength
and isolation during
fracturing
2
REASONS FOR BOND LOG

Bond logs are run to
determine:
Cement to casing
relationship
Cement to formation
relationship
Evaluate cement conditions:
Channeling
Compromised cement (i.e.
gas cut, dehydrated, etc.)
Cement stages
Cement top
Microannulus
3
Scenarios to keep in
mind for bond log
evaluation:
Channeled cement
Poor bond to pipe but
good bond to
formation?
Good bond to pipe
and poor bond to
formation
Poor bond to both
pipe and formation
Compromised
cement (i.e. gas cut
cement)
4
TRADITIONAL ACOUSTIC BOND TOOL EXAMPLE

Bow Spring
Centralizer
Collar
Locator
Gamma Ray
Acoustic
Transmitter
3ft Receiver
5ft Receiver
Radial
Receivers
2ft spacing
Usually 8
radials
Collar Locator
(CCL)
Gamma Ray &
Telemetry
Cement
Bond Log
(CBL)
Radial
Bond
Log (RBL)
2
3
Transmitter
2ft Radial
Receivers 3ft
Receiver
5ft Receiver
Bow Spring
Centralizer
What is Measured
on Bond Logs
Recorded on ALL
sensors:
Amplitude (strength of the first

arrival)
Travel Time (time it takes for the

signal to go from transmitter to
receiver)
VDL Variable Density Log

(entire waveform from 1st arrival
and reverberations up to 1200
sfrom one pulse)
Transmitter
Isolato
r Radial
Receivers
3 ft
Receiver
5 ft
Receiver
ON RADIAL BOND LOGS

What is Measured &
Presented
Presented on the log:
Natural Gamma Ray
Casing Collar Locator
Amplitude from the 3ft
Amplitude x 5
Travel Time from the 3ft
VDL from the 5ft
Amplitudes from the

eight / six radials (if RBL)
Min, Max and Average of

the Radials (if RBL)
AMPLITUDE AND TRAVEL TIME

Theory of
Measurement
Require a volunteer ****

Strike an unsupported
casing:
It rings with a high amplitude

(lack of cement) 1st peak =
E1
Strike a supported casing
it thuds with a low
amplitude (good evidence
of cement)
The loss / attenuation of
signal is related to the quality
of cement and is how Bond
is measured.
E1
AMPLITUDE SIGNALS VS. PIPE SIZE OF

FREE PIPE * immersed in water
81
72
3 ft Amp
(mV)
61
40
114.3
139.7
177.8
339.7
Challenge is as casing sizes get larger, the range of

measurement from no cement to fully cemented gets
smaller.
How much cement do I have for the amplitude

Challenges
are that:
question?
in
Amplitude in milli-Volts
Non-linear
relationship.
As the amount of cement increases, the corresponding
amplitude drops very little
hence the x5 scaling for low
amplitudes.
Larger casing sizes mean less amplitude range to measure
from.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Amplitude vs % Cement B ond

Note: 1900 kg/m Slurry (typical class
G)
114.3m m
139.7m m
177.8m m
10
20
30
40
50
60
% of ce me nt pre
sent
70
80
90 100
Channelin
g CBL outputs show
overall good cement

Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several
of the radial receivers
Image mapping of 8 x 2
amplitudes shows
channel of lower
compressive cement
Single CBL 3 amplitude
can not identify
channeling
VDL is also inconclusive
Amplitude changes caused by

Compressive Strength vs.
Time
Green cement
Low
compressive
strength hence higher
than normal amplitudes
Rule of thumb is to not run
bond logs up to 48 hours
after cementing (cement
types such as thermal
cements may vary)
Chart shows the reduction in

amplitude with time after
cementing
4 hours
18 hours
28 hours
33 hours
17
Bond log considerations of

SCVF/GM
Poor Primary Cementing/Hole

conditioning
Mud Contaminated cement
Gas Cut Cement
Channeled cement
Decentralized casing string
Vertical
Slant
Horizontal
Thank you ,,,

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Cement Evaluation

REASONS FOR BOND LOG

TRADITIONAL ACOUSTIC BOND TOOL EXAMPLE

Amplitude (strength of the first

Travel Time (time it takes for the

VDL Variable Density Log

ON RADIAL BOND LOGS

Natural Gamma Ray

Casing Collar Locator

Amplitude from the 3ft

Travel Time from the 3ft

VDL from the 5ft

Amplitudes from the

Min, Max and Average of

AMPLITUDE AND TRAVEL TIME

Require a volunteer ****

It rings with a high amplitude

AMPLITUDE SIGNALS VS. PIPE SIZE OF

Challenge is as casing sizes get larger, the range of

How much cement do I have for the amplitude

Amplitude vs % Cement B ond

overall good cement

Amplitude changes caused by

Chart shows the reduction in

Bond log considerations of

Poor Primary Cementing/Hole

Mud Contaminated cement

Gas Cut Cement

Decentralized casing string

Thank you ,,,

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