Scribd
Upload
42 views

Error Detection: Memoona Shah 14es74

Errors can occur during data transmission and must be detected and corrected for reliable communication. There are three main types of errors: single bit errors, multiple bit errors, and burst errors. Error detection techniques like parity checks and cyclic redundancy checks are used to detect errors. Parity checks add an extra bit to ensure an even or odd number of 1s. Cyclic redundancy checks involve binary division and calculating remainders to detect errors. Error correction can be done through backward error correction by retransmitting data or forward error correction by using error-correcting codes to auto-correct some errors.

Uploaded by

miss awake
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
42 views

Error Detection: Memoona Shah 14es74

Errors can occur during data transmission and must be detected and corrected for reliable communication. There are three main types of errors: single bit errors, multiple bit errors, and burst errors. Error detection techniques like parity checks and cyclic redundancy checks are used to detect errors. Parity checks add an extra bit to ensure an even or odd number of 1s. Cyclic redundancy checks involve binary division and calculating remainders to detect errors. Error correction can be done through backward error correction by retransmitting data or forward error correction by using error-correcting codes to auto-correct some errors.

Uploaded by

miss awake
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Error

Detection

Memoona Shah 14es74

Networks must be able to transfer data


from one device to another with complete
accuracy.
Data can be corrupted during
transmission.
For reliable communication, errors must be
detected and corrected.
Error detection and correction are
implemented either at the data link layer or the
transport layer of the OSI model.

Types of Errors

Single bit error


In a frame, there is only one bit,
anywhere though, which is corrupt.

Multiple bits error


Frame is received with more than one
bits in corrupted state.

Burst error
Frame contains more than1
consecutive bits corrupted.

Error control mechanism may involve two possible


ways:

Error detection
Error correction

Error Detection
Detection methods

Parity Check
One extra bit is sent along with the original bits to make
number of 1s either even in case of even parity, or odd
in case of odd parity.

The sender while creating a frame counts the number of


1s in it. For example, if even parity is used and number
of 1s is even then one bit with value 0 is added. This
way number of 1s remains even.If the number of 1s is
odd, to make it even a bit with value 1 is added.

Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)

CRC is a different approach to detect if the


received frame contains valid data.
This technique involves binary division of the
data bits being sent. The divisor is generated
using polynomials. The sender performs a
division operation on the bits being sent and
calculates the remainder.
Before sending the actual bits, the sender adds
the remainder at the end of the actual bits.
Actual data bits plus the remainder is called a
codeword and The sender transmits data bits
as codeword.

At the other end, the receiver performs


division operation on codewords using the
same CRC divisor. If the remainder contains
all zeros the data bits are accepted,
otherwise it is considered as there some
data corruption occurred in transit.

Error Correction
In the digital world, error correction can be done in two ways:
Backward Error Correction When the receiver detects an
error in the data received, it requests back the sender to
retransmit the data unit.
Backward Error Correction, is simple and can only be
efficiently used where retransmitting is not expensive. For
example, fiber optics. But in case of wireless transmission
retransmitting may cost too much. In the latter case, Forward
Error Correction is used.
Forward Error Correction When the receiver detects
some error in the data received, it executes error-correcting
code, which helps it to auto-recover and to correct some
kinds of errors.

You might also like