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System Analysis and Design

The document discusses various system development methodologies. It begins by defining a methodology as a formalized approach to implementing the system development life cycle (SDLC). It then describes three categories of methodologies: process-centered, which focus on system processes; data-centered, which focus on data storage and organization; and object-oriented, which balance a focus on processes and data. The document also explains waterfall development, parallel development, and rapid application development (RAD), noting RAD resembles a condensed version of the SDLC with close user involvement.

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Michelle Saavedra
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46 views21 pages

System Analysis and Design

The document discusses various system development methodologies. It begins by defining a methodology as a formalized approach to implementing the system development life cycle (SDLC). It then describes three categories of methodologies: process-centered, which focus on system processes; data-centered, which focus on data storage and organization; and object-oriented, which balance a focus on processes and data. The document also explains waterfall development, parallel development, and rapid application development (RAD), noting RAD resembles a condensed version of the SDLC with close user involvement.

Uploaded by

Michelle Saavedra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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System Analysis and

Design

System Analysis
- Mr. Ahmad Al-Ghoul

learning Objectives

Explain the Characteristics of a


Good Analysis Method
Explain Why Use a Methodology
Describe the three categorizes of
system development methodologies

Process-centered Methodologies
Data-centered Methodologies
Object-oriented methodologies

Explain Waterfall Development, Parallel


Development, rapid application
development (RAD)
Avicenna

System Analysis and Design

Introduction
The process of system analysis and its planning
includes various stages.
Over the years various methodologies have been
defined for this process.
The methodologies themselves constitute a method
that regulates the various stages in the process of
planning and developing the information system.
Each methodology has its own advantages and
disadvantages but, generally, the correct
methodology must be adapted to the required
system.

Avicenna

System Analysis and Design

Introduction

A methodology is a formalized approach to


implementing the SDLC.
Justified by experience
A methodology may or may not prescribe
a Life Cycle Model.
The methodology will vary depending on
whether the emphasis is on businesses
processes or on the data that supports the
business.
Avicenna

System Analysis and Design

Systems Development
Methodologies

Characteristics of a Good Analysis


Method

Graphical with supporting text.


Allow system to be viewed in a top-down
and partitioned fashion.
Minimum redundancies.
Reader should be able to predict system
behavior.
Easy to understand by user.
Avicenna

System Analysis and Design

Systems Development
Methodologies

Why Use a Methodology?

Distilled experience/best practice


Ensures user involvement
Helps inexperienced analysts
Provides planning and control

Avicenna

System Analysis and Design

Systems Development
Methodologies

Process-centered Methodologies
This kind of methodologies focus on defining
the activities associated with the system.
concentrate on representing the system
concept as a set of processes with
information flowing into and out of the
processes.

Avicenna

System Analysis and Design

Systems Development
Methodologies

Data-centered Methodologies

These methodologies focuses on defining the


content of the data storage containers and
how they are organized rather than the
activities which comes later.
Data-centered methodologies utilize data
models as the core of understanding the
system concept, other models will be less
important.
Avicenna

System Analysis and Design

Systems Development
Methodologies

Object-oriented methodologies

This methodology attempts to balance the


focus between processes and data.
Object-oriented methodology work well
in situation in which complicated IS need
continues maintenance, adaptation and
redesign

Avicenna

System Analysis and Design

Systems Development
Methodologies

Waterfall Development

With waterfall development- based methodologies, the analysts


and users proceed sequentially from one phase to the next.

The advantages of waterfall development-based methodologies


are:

The system requirements are identified long before


programming begins.
Changes to the requirements are minimized as the project
proceeds.
Good for project management
Results in solid, well-constructed systems
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System Analysis and Design

10

Systems Development
Methodologies

The disadvantages of waterfall developmentbased methodologies are:

The design must be completely specified before


programming begins.
A long time elapses between the completion of the
system proposal in the analysis phase and the
delivery of the system.

Difficult (expensive) to accommodate


change after process is underway
Avicenna

System Analysis and Design

11

Systems Development
Methodologies [3]
Waterfall Development

Avicenna

System Analysis and Design

12

Systems Development
Methodologies

Parallel Development

This methodology attempts to address the


long time interval between the analysis phase
and the delivery of the system.

Avicenna

System Analysis and Design

13

Systems Development
Methodologies [3]

Avicenna

System Analysis and Design

14

Systems Development
Methodologies

Rapid Application Development (RAD)


RAD-based methodologies adjust the SDLC
phases to get some part of system developed
quickly and into the hands of the users.
Most RAD-based methodologies recommend
that analysts use special techniques and
computer tools to speed up the analysis,
design, and implementation phases, such as
CASE (computer-aided software engineering)
tools.
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System Analysis and Design

15

Systems Development
Methodologies

Rapid Application Development (RAD)


Five key factors
1. Extensive

user involvement
2. Joint Application Design sessions
3. Prototyping
4. Integrated CASE tools
5. Code generators

Avicenna

System Analysis and Design

16

Systems Development
Methodologies

Rapid Application Development (RAD)


RAD is a general strategy rather than a single
methodology
Goals

To analyze a business process rapidly


To design a viable system solution through intense
cooperation between users and developers
To get the finished application into the hands of the
users quickly

Traditional SDLC steps are followed, but phases


are combined
Iteration is limited to design and development
phases
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System Analysis and Design

17

Systems Development Methodologies (RAD) [2]


Advantages
Disadvantages
Dramatic time savings the
systems development effort

More speed and lower cost may


lead to lower overall system
quality

Can save time, money and


human effort

Danger of misalignment of
system developed via RAD with
the business due to missing
information

Tighter fit between user


requirements and system
specifications

May have inconsistent internal


designs within and across
systems

Works especially well where


speed of development is
important

Possible violation of programming


standards related to inconsistent
naming conventions and
inconsistent documentation

Ability to rapidly change system


design as demanded by users

Difficulty with module reuse for


future systems

System optimized for users


involved in RAD process

Lack of scalability designed into


system

Concentrates on essential system Lack of attention to later systems


elementsAvicenna
from user viewpoint
administration
System Analysis
and Design built into system 18

Sequence Summary

A methodology is a formalized approach to implementing


the SDLC.
Process centered methodologies, the focus is on defining
the activities associated with the system.
Data centered methodologies focuses on defining the
content of the data storage containers and how they are
organized.
Object-oriented methodology attempts to balance the
focus between processes and data.
waterfall development- based methodologies, the
analysts and users proceed sequentially from one phase
to the next.
Rapid application development (RAD) resembles a
condensed version of the entire SDLC, with users
involved every step of the way
Avicenna

System Analysis and Design

19

Sequence Summary

In this Sequence we have

Defined the term development methodology


Explained the Characteristics of a Good
Analysis Method
Explained Why Use a Methodology
Described the three categorizes of system
development methodologies

Process-centered Methodologies
Data-centered Methodologies
Object-oriented methodologies

Explained Waterfall Development, Parallel


Development, and rapid application development
(RAD).
Avicenna

System Analysis and Design

20

Reference
[1] System Analysis and Design, Sixth Edition
Authors: Gary B. Shelly, Thomas J. Cashman and Harry J.
Rosenblatt
Publisher: SHELLY CASHMAN SEWIES.
[2] Modern Systems Analysis and Design Third Edition
Authors: Jeffrey A. Hoffer , Joey F. George, Joseph S.
Valacich
Publisher: prentice hall
[3] System Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition
Authors: Dennis, Wixom, & Roth
Publisher: John Wiley & sons
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System Analysis and Design

21

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