Todays Agenda (Feb 7,

2015)
LECTURE
Reporting: How to Shop for a Computer
Supplementary Material: Information

Technology Overview

LAB
Powerpoint

Objectives
Be able to define what information technology

is
Differentiate and identify hardware, software,
storage technology and communications
technology
Be able to assess computer systems options
available and make an informed choice when
it comes to desktop and mobile devices

Information
Technology
Overview
HEED 150
Faith Morilla
7 Feb 2015

Information Technology
Merriam-Webster definition

: the technology involving the development,

maintenance, and use of computer systems,
software, and networks for the processing and
distribution of data.
Wikipedia definition
: is the application of computers and
telecommunications equipment to store,
retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in
the context of a business or other enterprise.

Components of Information
Technology
Computer hardware - physical equipment

used for input, processing and output

activities
Computer software detailed,
preprogrammed instructions that control and
coordinate the work of computer hardware
components
Storage technology physical media and
software governing the storage and
organization of data
Communications technology physical
devices and software that link various

What makes up your favorite

gadget?
Hardware
Super Amoled Display
Dual Core Application Processor
8MP camera

Software
Android v 4.4.2 (Kitkat)
Social/Readers/Music/ Game

Hub
Voice Solution

Storage Technology
16 GB memory
On-device encryption
Communications Technology
Wifi a/b/g/n, BT, USB
AllShare, Samsung Kies

Hardware

Computer Hardware

Computer Hardware

Computer Hardware

Computer Hardware
Central Processing Unit (CPU) manipulates

symbols, numbers and letters and controls the other

parts of the computer system
Primary/Fast Storage temporarily stores program
instructions and data being used by the instructions
Secondary/Slow Storage relatively long-term,
nonvolatile storage of data outside the CPU and
primary storage
Input Devices gather data and convert them into
electronic form for use by the computer
Output Devices display data after they have been
processed

This chart gives a daily indication of which types and

models of Intel CPUs and AMD CPUs are most popular
overall for use in desktop PCs, server machines,
laptops and netbooks.

http://www.passmark.com/index.html

Single Core to Multicore

Processors were

originally developed
with only onecore.
The core is the part of
the processor that
actually performs the
reading and executing
of the instruction.
Multi-core
Dual core 2 cores
Quad core 4 cores
Hexa core 6 cores

Dual Core vs Core 2 Duo

Dual core - generic name given toprocessors

that have 2 cores on the same chip

Core 2 Duo - name given by Intel to its second
batch of dual core processors. It is a subset of
dual core processors available today.
Intels dual core processors were simply 2

Pentium 3 processors that were fabricated in a

single chip. As they refined their product more,
they decided to differentiate their second set of
processors from the Core Duo and decided to
call it Core 2 Duo.

Multitasking refers to the ability of the OS to

quickly switch between each computing task to give
the impression the different applications are
executing multiple actions simultaneously.

When running on a multicore system, multitasking

OSs can truly execute multiple tasks concurrently.
The multiple computing engines work independently
on different tasks.

Multithreading extends the idea of multitasking into applications, so

you can subdivide specific operations within a single application into
individual threads. Each of the threads can run in parallel. The OS
divides processing time not only among different applications, but also
among each thread within an application.

Storage
Technology

Storage

CPU Cache: Level 1, 2, 3

Level 1 cache
Primary; small, high-speed cache incorporated right onto the

processors chip

Level 2 cache
Secondary; used to catch recent accesses that are not caught

by the level 1 cache

Larger and slightly slower than level 1
External cache found either on the motherboard or a
daughterboard that inserts into the motherboard; located
between RAM and CPU

Pentium Pro processors actually have the level 2 cache in the same package as
the processor itself (though it isn't in the same circuit where the processor and
level 1 cache are) which means it runs much faster than level 2 cache that is
separate and resides on the motherboard. Pentium II processors are in the
middle; their cache runs at half the speed of the CPU.

Level 3 cache
Larger and slower than level 2, but still faster than fetching

from RAM

Random Access Memory

(RAM)
a type of computer memory that can be

accessed randomly; that is, any byte of

memory can be accessed without touching
the preceding bytes
synonymous with computer main memory
Types of RAM
DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)

Technology

Advantages

Limitations

Applications

Compact disc,
recordable
( CD-R ) or
rewritable ( CD-RW )
and DVD

Low cost per

megabyte
Unlimited capacity
with multiple discs
Portable
Widely-supported
I/O interfaces
Can be formatted for
different data
formats
Long life
High data density
Immune to
corruption once data
is written (CD-R and
DVD only)

Limited capacity on
one disc(though
much greater than
diskette)
Slow to moderate
read/write speed

Data archiving
Data distribution
Data migration
Localized file
sharing
Offsite storage

Solid-state storage
(USB devices, flash
memory, smart
cards, etc.)

No mechanical parts
High read/write
speed
Small form factor

Limited storage
capacity
High cost per I/O
operation

Swap files
Local data transfer
Internet service
providers
Video processing
Relational databases
High-speed data
acquisition

Redundant array of
independent disks
(RAID)

High speed
High storage
capacity
High data

Users may develop

false sense of
security
Recovery from

Swap files
Internet service
providers
Redundant storage

Technology

Advantages

Limitations

Applications

Hard drive, external

High read/write
speed
Can be moved
among computers

Limited capacity
Awkward for data
transfer among
multiple computers

Local backup
Local archiving

Hard drive, internal

Convenient; usually
comes with the
computer
High read/write
speed
Convenient for use
with single
computer (but can
be shared among
multiple computers
with proper support
Most common form
of data storage

Limited capacity
Without special
support, confined to
a single computer or
server

Storage in a single
computer
Swap files

Storage area
network
(SAN)

Excellent for moving

large blocks of data
Exceptional
reliability
Wide availability
Fault tolerance
Scalability

High cost
Lack of
standardization
Management
complexity

Large databases
Bandwidth-intensive
applications
Mission-critical
applications

Disk library

High speed
High storage
capacity
High data

Not as quickly
accessible as DAS;
intended for "write
once, read rarely"

Disk-to-disk (D2D)
backup
Data archiving
Near line storage

Hard Drive Manufacturer market

share over the last 30 days

Software

Computer Software
System Software generalized

instructions/programs that
manage computers resources
Operating System (OS) system

software that manages and

controls the activities of the
computer

Application Software

programs written for or by users to

apply the computer to a specific
task
Application Software Packages

prewritten application software

that is marketed commercially

Most Popular Operating Systems

DESKTOP

MOBILE / TABLET

Comparisons
NAME

CREATOR

Android

Android,
Inc./Google

GNU/
Linux

Richard
Stallman,Linus
Torvalds, et al.

Mac OS

Apple Inc.

iOS

FIRST
RELEASE
2008

GNU: 1983,
Linux: 1992

LATEST
VERSION

LATEST
RELEASE

TARGET
SYSTEM TYPE

Linux

Android 4.0
Ice Cream
Sandwich

2011

Consumer,
enterprise,
military,
education

Unix,MINI
X

Linux
kernel3.0;G
NU C
Library2.13

2011

Desktops,
servers,

2002

Workstation,Pe
rsonal
computer

None

9.2.2

Apple Inc.

Darwin

5.0.1

iPhone, iPod,
iTouch, Apple
TV

Symbian

Symbian
Foundation

Mobile OS

9.5

Smart phones

Blackberry

RIM (Research
in Motion)

Mobile OS

7.0.0

Blackberry

Microsoft
Windows(
NT family)

Microsoft

1984

PREDECE
SSOR

1993

MSDOS,OS/2
,Windows
3.x

Windows
7(NT
6.1.7600)

2009

Workstation,
Personal
computer,
Media center,
Tablet PC,

Windows Timeframe of Releases

Windows Technologies
Windows Media Player debuted 1991 with

Windows 3; revamped in version 7 which

came out with Windows Me
DirectX debuted in 1995; drives high-speed
multimedia and games
Internet Explorer debuted with Windows 95
Windows Movie Maker debuted with
Windows Me in 2000
Windows Messenger debuted with Windows
XP in 2001

UNIX HISTORY

Communications
Technology

Bluetooth
Invented by telecom vendor Ericsson in 1994
Is a wireless technology standard for

exchanging data over short distances from

fixed and mobile devices, and building
personal area networks
Can connect several devices, overcoming
problems of synchronization

Wi-Fi
is a local area wireless technology that allows an

electronic device to exchange data or connect to the

internet using 2.4 GHz UHF and 5 GHz SHF radio waves
a trademark name, and is a play on the audiophile term
Hi-Fi. The Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as any "wireless
local area network (WLAN) products that are based on
the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE)
802.11 standards".
However, since most modern WLANs are based on these
standards, the term "Wi-Fi" is used in general English as a
synonym for "WLAN". Only Wi-Fi products that complete
Wi-Fi Alliance interoperability certification testing
successfully may use the "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED" trademark.

LTE
Long-term evolution
Commonly marketed as 4G LTE
A standard for wireless communication of

high-speed data for mobile phones and data

terminals

Communications Services
real-time communication services
instant messaging (chat)
presence information
telephony (including IP telephony)
video conferencing
data sharing (including web connected electronic
whiteboards aka IWB's or Interactive White Boards)
call control
speech recognition
non-real-time communication services
unified messaging (integrated voicemail, e-mail,

SMS and fax)

Cloud Computing
Technologies that provide

computation, software, data access,

and storage services that do not
require end-user knowledge of the
physical location and configuration of
the system that delivers the services.
A parallel to this concept can be
drawn with the electricity grid,
wherein end-users consume power
without needing to understand the
component devices or infrastructure
required to provide the service.
Cloud computing providers deliver
applications via the internet, which
are accessed from web browsers and
desktop and mobile apps, while the
business software and data are stored
on servers at a remote location.

PCs with a bigger PassMark Rating score are

considered to be faster and better performing
computers overall.