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    Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

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    CLEMENT
    Influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses are important causes of respiratory illness. Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and have a segmented RNA genome. They cause annual epidemics through antigenic drift and occasional pandemics through antigenic shift. Respiratory syncytial virus belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia primarily in infants. Both viruses have surface glycoproteins that allow them to fuse cells and cause disease in the respiratory tract. Their identification and treatment are important aspects of medical care.

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    Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

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    CLEMENT
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    Influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses are important causes of respiratory illness. Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and have a segmented RNA genome. They cause annual epidemics through antigenic drift and occasional pandemics through antigenic shift. Respiratory syncytial virus belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia primarily in infants. Both viruses have surface glycoproteins that allow them to fuse cells and cause disease in the respiratory tract. Their identification and treatment are important aspects of medical care.

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    respiratory infection

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    Influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses are important causes of respiratory illness. Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and have a segmented RNA genome. They cause annual epidemics through antigenic drift and occasional pandemics through antigenic shift. Respiratory syncytial virus belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia primarily in infants. Both viruses have surface glycoproteins that allow them to fuse cells and cause disease in the respiratory tract. Their identification and treatment are important aspects of medical care.

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    12 views13 pages

    Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

    Uploaded by

    CLEMENT
    Influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses are important causes of respiratory illness. Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and have a segmented RNA genome. They cause annual epidemics through antigenic drift and occasional pandemics through antigenic shift. Respiratory syncytial virus belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia primarily in infants. Both viruses have surface glycoproteins that allow them to fuse cells and cause disease in the respiratory tract. Their identification and treatment are important aspects of medical care.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Influenza and Respiratory

    Syncytial Viruses
    Dr Kasonda

    Learning Objectives
    By the end of this session, students
    are expected to be able to:
    Describe characteristics of Influenza
    and Respiratory syncytial viruses
    Describe medical importance of
    Influenza and Respiratory syncytial
    viruses

    Influenza Virus
    Characteristics and Morphology
    Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae which
    bears the following characteristics.
    o The Virion is spherical, pleomorphic, 80120 nm in diameter
    o Bears helical nucleocapsid
    o Genome is single-stranded RNA, segmented (eight
    molecules)
    o Envelope contains viral hemagglutinin (HA) and
    neuraminidase (NA) proteins located at different spikes.
    o Replication is by nuclear transcription; particles mature by
    budding from plasma membrane.

    o The viral multiplication cycle proceeds rapidly


    o New progeny viruses are produced within 810
    hours
    o Antigenic shifting is common among members
    of the same genus.
    - Influenza viruses especially influenza A
    show changes in the antigenicity of their
    haemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins .
    - This property contributes to the capacity to
    cause devastating worldwide epidemics .

    Structure of Influenza Virus

    Two Types of Antigenic Changes


    Antigenic shifts: These are major changes
    based on the reassortment of segments of the
    genome
    RNA.
    Antigenic drift: These are minor changes based
    on mutations in the genome RNA .
    o The antigenicity of the internal nucleocapsid
    protein determines whether the virus is
    an A,B or C influenza virus
    o Influenza A virus is the main cause of worldwide
    epidemics.

    Diseases Caused by Influenza Virus


    Influenza attacks mainly the upper respiratory tract. It poses a
    serious risk for the elderly, the very young, and people with
    underlying medical conditions such as lung, kidney, or
    heart problems, diabetes, or cancer.
    Laboratory Diagnosis of Influenza
    Specimen
    o Blood
    o Nasal scrapings
    Technique
    o Serology
    o Tissue culture
    Drug of Choice
    Amantadine
    Rimantadine

    Characteristics of Respiratory
    Syncytial Virus [RSV]
    The respiratory syncytia virus belong
    to the family Paramyxoviridae
    RSV are enveloped, with a helical
    nucleocapsid
    One piece of single-stranded RNA
    Have fusion protein in its surface
    spikes, which is the major
    pathogenicity factor.

    Structure of Respiratory Syncytia


    Virus

    Disease Caused by
    Syncytial Virus
    Bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants
    Otitis media in older children
    Pneumonia in immunocompromised children and adults
    Laboratory Diagnosis
    Specimen
    o Respiratory secretions
    Technique
    o Tissue culture
    Drug of Choice
    Aerosolized Ribavirin

    Key Points
    Influenza viruses belong to the family
    Orthomyxoviridae
    Influenza pandemic is caused by antigenic shift
    The envelopes of influenza virus is covered with
    spikes which contain hemaglutinin, neuraminidase,
    and fusion protein that causes cell fusion and
    hemolysis
    Repiratory syncythial virus has spikes which contain
    fusion protein that causes cell fusion
    Giant cell formation by RSV is a result of cell fusion.

    Evaluation
    What are the characteristics of
    Influenza viruses?
    What are the characteristic features
    of the Respiratory syncytial virus?
    What is the medical importance of
    Influenza and RSV?

    Thank you

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