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1.structural Grammar

Structural grammar is an approach that focuses on the structure of sentences rather than words. It aims to describe and analyze language scientifically by dividing it into smallest units at three levels: phonology, morphology, and syntax. Key representatives include Saussure, Bloomfield, and Fries. Structural grammar views language as a social product (langue) expressed individually (parole) and establishes dichotomies between signified and signifier. While it contributed tools for language analysis and description, it is limited by not considering semantics, diachronic change, or language functions.

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316 views14 pages

1.structural Grammar

Structural grammar is an approach that focuses on the structure of sentences rather than words. It aims to describe and analyze language scientifically by dividing it into smallest units at three levels: phonology, morphology, and syntax. Key representatives include Saussure, Bloomfield, and Fries. Structural grammar views language as a social product (langue) expressed individually (parole) and establishes dichotomies between signified and signifier. While it contributed tools for language analysis and description, it is limited by not considering semantics, diachronic change, or language functions.

Uploaded by

Ransel Burgos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Structu

ral
Gramm

Definiti
on

Main
repres
entativ
es

Main
objectiv
es and
Charact
eristics

Struct
ural
Gram
mar

Concepti
on of
Languag
e
Basic
principle
s and
concept
Contribu
s
tions
and
Limitatio
ns
Gramma
tical
Organiz
ation
Analysi

s of the
senten
ce

Definition
It

is an approach to the written and

the spoken language that focuses on


the construction of sentences. It deals
with the structure of the sentence and
not necessarily with the words that are
going to be used.

Main
Represen
tatives

Saussure

Bloomfield

Fries

Pike

Main
objective
s

To
descri
be.

To
analyz
e.
Structur
al
Gramma
r
To
descri
be.

To
limit
.

Character
istics
Descriptive
Spoken language
Scientific
All forms of expression
(language) are studied
Inductive
Grammar is described in
its own terms
Synchronic

Conceptio
n of
Language
LANGUE (SOCIAL)
Essential
Social product
Homogeneous
Abstract
Established

PAROLE
(INDIVIDUAL)
Accessory
Individual product
Heterogeneous
Concrete
Momentary

Basic
principles
and main
concepts
Prior
Human speech
Written and spoken
Descriptiveness vs.
Prescriptiveness
Main concepts
Saussures dichotomies
Langue

Parole

Signified
Diachronic

Signifier
Synchroni
c

Contributi
ons

Expressions
Language
Differentiation
System
Dichotomies
Description
Instrument of
communication
Analysis of the
phonological system

Limitation
s

The main limitations for this grammatical


category are the following:

Diachronic is not
considered
The language functions are not
explained

Semantic is not considered part of


grammar

Grammati
cal
Organizat
ion

Consist on dividing the language in the


smallest units
of information following three levels of
analysis:

Phonology: the phones or speech sounds of the language

Morphology: Classes of words


and Inflectional forms

Syntax: Relationships between the


components of a sentence

Analysis
of the
sentence

These are the common abbreviations for


the sentence analysis
(Sb)= Subject
(P) predicate
(H) Head
(M)= Modifier
(V)= Verb
(C)=
complement
(Sub)= subordinator
(D)
dependent unit

Analysis
of the
sentenc
e (Sb

The present that Caroline gave me was


expensive
(P
)

) present that Caroline gave me


The
expensive
(M)
(V)

(H
)
The
present

that Caroline gave me

was

(C)

was

expensive
(M)
(D)
The

(H)

(Sub)

present
Caroline gave me

Det
Verb

Noun
Adjective
Pronoun

that
(Sb)
Caroline
(P)
gave me
(V) gave
(C)me
Relat
Noun

Prop
past Pron

Verb
Pres.

Obj

Reference
s
Structural grammar. (n.d.) Structural grammar.
[Online article].
Retrieved June 8, 2011, from
the World Wide Web:
http://jilaniwarsi.tripod.com/sg.pdf
What is structural grammar? (2003). What is
structural grammar? [Online article]. Retrieved June
10, 2011, from the World Wide Web:
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-structuralgrammar.htm

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