Teknik Reaksi Kimia 2 - PPT TRK Soal 8-4C Gabungan
Teknik Reaksi Kimia 2 - PPT TRK Soal 8-4C Gabungan
Teknik Reaksi Kimia 2 - PPT TRK Soal 8-4C Gabungan
Kelompok 2
Ervandy H | M Madani | Rayhan Hafidz | Rionelli G | Seva Juneva
P8-4C
The following is an excerpt from The Morning News, Wilmington, Delaware
(August 3, 1977): "Investigators sift through the debris from blast in quest for
the cause [that destroyed the new nitrous oxide plant]. A company spokesman
said it appears more likely that the [fatal] blast was caused by another gasammonium nitrate-used to produce nitrous oxide." An 83% (wt) ammonium
nitrate and 17% water solution is fed at 200F to the CSTR operated at a tem
perature of about 510F. Molten ammonium nitrate decomposes directly to pro
duce gaseous nitrous oxide and steam. It is believed that pressure fluctuations
were observed in the system and as a result the molten ammonium nitrate
feed to the reactor may have been shut off approximately 4 min prior to the
explosion.
Assume that at the time the feed to CSTR stopped, there was 500 lb of ammonium nitrate
in the reactor. The conversion in the reactor is believed to be virtually complete is about
99,99%
Additional Information
Question
a)
Can you explain the cause of the blast? [Hint: See P9-3 page 574 and Equation (875).]
b)
If the feed rate to the reactor just before shut off was 310 lb of solution per hour,
what was the exact temperature in the reactor just prior to shutdown?
c)
How would you start up or shut down and control such a reaction?
d)
e)
Answer: a).
Penjelasan: Fogler edisi 4 hlm 540
(tentang CSTR runaway/ignition reactions)
Reaksi dekomposisi ammonium nitrat
-Equation (8-75)
1.
Menghitung
2.
Menghitung
3.
Menghitung
4.
Menghitung A
5. Menghitung T*
6. Menghitung S*
7.
Menghitung
8.
1. Menghitung
(
Maka didapatkan:
) + (0,2048 x 0,47 ) = 0,4763
2. Menghitung
Diketahui:
Kondisi awal, T = 510oF
k = 0,307 h-1
konversi (X) = 99,99%
Maka didapatkan :
3. Menghitung
Asumsi:
4. Menghitung A
R = 1,987 Btu/lbmoloR
5. Mencari T*
Tc = suhu feed
Maka,
6. Mencari S*
7. Menghitung
Jadi:
1.
Menghitung
2.
Menghitung
3.
Menghitung
Menghitung S*
7.
Menghitung
8.
Keterangan:
1. Menghitung
Asumsi: Saat terjadi shut-off masih terdapat sisa air dan ammonium nitrat.
Maka didapatkan:
) + (0,2048 x 0,47 ) = 0,4763
2. Menghitung
3. Menghitung k
5. Menghitung T*
6. Menghitung S*
7. Menghitung
Jadi:
Analisis Grafik
Pada reaktor CSTR, runaway terjadi saat kondisi reaktor
berubah dari lower steady state menjadi upper steady state.
700
600
500
400
300
R(T), G(T)
200
100
0
0
200
400
600
-100
-200
T (oF)
800
1000
1200
PENYELESAIAN (b)
|CSTR|
DESIGN EQUATION
RATE LAW
COMBINING
STOICHIOMETRY
Dengan k,
DIKETAHUI
1
2
510oF
(970oF)
560oF
(1020oR)
k (h-1)
0.307
2.912
310 lb/jam
Kita akan
menghitung suhu
reaktor tepat
sebelum meledak di
saat terdapat 500 lb
ammonium nitrat
dalam reaktor
dengan konversinya
mencapai 99.99%
di mana,
maka,
dengan,
= laju alir ammonium nitrat
sebelum shut off, 0.83*310
lb/jam : 257.3 lb/jam
= konversi dalam reaktor,
99.99%
510oF
(970oR)
k (h )
0.307
2.912
Maka nilai E/R dan A dapat dicari
dengan hubungan sebagai berikut,
-1
560oF
(1020oR)
ln
ln
E
RT1
k1
Ae
k2
Ae RT2
E
RT1
k1
Ae
ln
E
k2
Ae RT2
k1
ln(e)
k2
E
E
RT2
RT1
k1
E 1
1
ln
k2
R T1 T2
Menentukan Suhu
START-UP
Suhu di dalam
reaktor dinaikkan
Mencapai stabil
pada kondisi
upper steady state
Suhu dikendalikan
agar stabil untuk
mempertahankan
konversi & kinerja
reaktor
Sebab reaksi
menghasilkan
konversi >>>
dibanding kondisi
lower steady state
SHUT
DOWN
CONTROL
Kontrol Tekanan
Kontrol Suhu
Dekomposisi
ammonium nitrat
adalah reaksi
dengan produk
gas. Maka,
tekanan harus
dikontrol agar
tetap aman
dengan cara
memasang
pressure relief
valve.
Dekomposisi
ammonium nitrat
adalah reaksi
eksotermis. Maka,
suhu harus
dikontrol agar
tetap aman
dengan cara
pemasangan
jacket yang dialiri
dengan cooler.
G(T)
R(T)
Sebelum shutoff
Setelah shutoff
700
600
500
400
300
R(T), G(T)
200
100
0
0
200
400
600
-100
-200
T (oF)
800
1000
1200
Feed (ammonium
nitrate and water)
are stopped