BY S.
K JAISWAL
Topics for Training
Basics of Motor.
Frequency converter & necessity.
Rectifiers.
Intermediate circuit & D.C.Bus.
Inverter.
Dos and Donts.
Basics of Motor
Motor Supply
Sources for Motor supply
- Direct On Line : No control on motor speed,
takes approx 6 times nameplate current.
- AC drives : Speed control possible, soft start
can be achieved, adjustable current limit
Changing Frequency Changes Motor Speed
Motor Equations - Speed
The speed of an Induction machine is
related to the supply frequency by
the following equation,
N=120f (1-s)/P ------------------------(1)
N = Speed in rpm
f = Supply frequency
S = Motor slip
P = Motor poles
Torque
The Turning Force Applied to a
Shaft Tending to Cause Rotation
F
Force
Lever Arm Length
T=FxR
Motor Equations - Torque
Output torque of the motor is expressed by
the
following equation,
T=3VIcos mx974/N ----------------- (2)
T=Motor output Torque (Kg-m)
V=Line to Line voltage (kV)
I=Line Current (A)
cos=Power factor
m=Motor efficiency
N = Speed in RPM
AC Motor Horsepower
HP =
Where:
Torque x Speed
5252
.
Torque = Lb-Ft
Speed = RPM
5252
= constant
Frequency Converter &
Necessity
Frequency Converter
It is an electronic device that takes a fixed AC supply and converts
this
into a variable output voltage and frequency to control the speed
of a
motor.
The speed of the motor is dependent on the number of poles in
the motor
and the supplied frequency.
Necessity of Frequency Converter
Machine or Process Requirements
Energy Savings
Automated Factory Concept
Productivity Increases
Necessity of Frequency Converter
Improved Power Factor
Drive offers a fundamental Power Factor of near Unity at all Loads and
speeds.
Rectifiers
AC
DC
Rectifier
AC
Inverter
15
Un controlled Rectifiers
The mean value of the pulsating DC voltage is 1.35 mains voltage.
Controlled Rectifiers
The controlled rectifier supplies a DC voltage with a mean value of 1.35
mains voltage Cos Alpha.
Intermediate Circuit & D.C.Bus
Intermediate Circuit
Inverter
IGBT & IGBT Switching
Insulated-Gate-Bipolar (IGBT) is High- frequency transistor.
Dos & Donts
Earth screen/armour/conduit at both ends for
motor cables and
Dos for Inverters
control cables.
- Ensure EMC.
Rated current output of frequency converter
=>Motor current.
- Avoid overloading of the drive.
Select IP Class for drive based on Environment
conditions.
- Ensure the proper functionality of the drive in
Dos for Inverters
Correct protective earthing of the drive.
- Safety against high leakage current of drive.
Frequency converter must be installed vertically with minimum
distance over and below frequency converter.
- Effective air circulation & cooling of the converter.
Motor cables as short as possible.
-Lower rise time and peak voltage.
Separation of mains, control and motor cables.
- Avoid interference over coupling.
Braided screened/armoured motor and control cables.
- Minimum coverage of 80%.
- Optimise EMC immunity of the control cables.
- Optimise EMC emission from the motor cables.
Dos for Inverters
Regular checks on fluff entry in drives for textile applications.
- Cause rise in the temperature finally tripping the drive.
Ensure for the required volume and rate of air flow for drives
mounted
in an enclosure.
- Cause rise in the temperature finally tripping the drive.
Donts for Inverters
Output Power Factor Capacitors
The capacitors look like short circuit.
The drive will trip.
Does not change the drives input power factor
The drives input displacement power factor is high
Donts for Inverters
Input Power Factor Correction
The input displacement power factor of a drive is high.
Over-correcting displacement power factor is not good.
Power factor correction could cause resonance in the power system.
Donts for Inverters
Input Disconnect for Start-Stop
The drive already has a start/stop circuit
The drive cant interact with the control system
Moisture can condense on a cold drive.
Could over-heat the pre-charge circuit of the drive.
Donts for Inverters
Non-Interlocked Output Disconnect
Causes a large current draw if the drive is at full speed and the motor is
stopped.
May trip the drive.
Instead, interlock to the drive using a auxiliary contact to terminal 29
(coasting stop).
THANK YOU !
