In the name of ALLAH ALMIGHTY the most beneficent, the
most merciful
Serial Data Communication
Group Members
Tahir Mubeen Shams
Ameer Hamza
Touseeq inam
Computer Aided Design
Serial Data Communication
LabView (Using NI-VISA to Communicate with Your Serial Instrument)
Definition of serial communication :
In telecommunication and computer
science,serial communicationis the
process of sending data one bit at a time,
sequentially, over acommunicationchannel
or computer bus. This is in contrast to
parallelcommunication, where several bits
are sent as a whole, on a link with several parallel
channels.
A basic serial instrument
control system consists of three
parts:
1. PC with a serial port
2. Serial cable
3. Serial instrument (Serialis a common device communication
protocol forinstrumentcontrol because most computers and many
remoteinstrumentsinclude at least oneserialport. Single applications can
be used across a variety ofinstrumentswith few modifications, reducing
programming and test time
Introduction & Outline
Types
of data transmission
o Parallel
Serial
& Serial
Communication
o Synchronous
& Asynchronous
Transmission Illustration
Serial
Parallel
Receiver
Receiver
Transmitter
Transmitter
1 bit
1 word
Serial Communication
Serial = one after the other
Serial Communication = sending one bit at a time over a
channel
Byte
b0 b1 b2
b3 b4 b5
b6 b7
Serial
Communication
b0
b1
b2
b3
b4
b5
b6
b7
Byte
b0 b1 b2
b3 b4 b5
b6 b7
Definition of Serial Communication
Travels in series
B
Bit by bit transmission of information in series
Definition of Parallel Communication
Transmission of information over multiple links between two points
Multiple electronic links
Parallel Transmission
Multiple
links
Parallel Communication
Parallel Communication = several bits sent at a time on
several parallel channels
Parallel Communication
b0
Byte
b0
b1
b2
b3
b4
b5
b6
b7
b1
Byte
b2
b0
b1
b2
b3
b4
b5
b6
b7
b3
b4
b5
b6
b7
Data Transmission
Parallel
Serial
Cost
Cheap
Expensive
Speed
Slow
Fast
Transmission
Amount
Single bit
8 bits (8 data lines)
Transmitter & Receiver
TransmissionLi
nes
TransmissionD
istance
One line to transmit
one to receive
Long distance
Example
8 lines for simultaneous
transmission
Short distance
(synchronization)
Printer Connection
Modem
Synchronous
clock signal wire is used by both receiver and sender to sample data
Asynchronous
no clock signal in common
data must be oversampled (16x is typical) to find bit boundaries
Which type should I use?
Serial Communication for Long Distances
Why serial connection is better for
long distances:
Differential signals are used to
increase power
Double the signal to noise
ratio (SNR)
Reach higher bitrate
without noise
USB 2.0 is capable of
480Mbits/sec!
(At this rate, it would take only
46.5 seconds to transfer a
2.19GB BluRay movie over from
a hard drive)
Differential Signal
Fun Fact: Longest ever deep sea Fiber-Optic cable will run
through thawing artic between UK and Japan (thats 9,693
miles of cable!)
Parallel Communication Issues
Issues with parallel
communication:
Inter-symbol interference (ISI)
and noise cause corruption over
long distances
Wires have small amounts of
capacitance and mutual
inductance
Bandwidth of parallel wires is
much lower than bandwidth of
serial wires
Parallel communication is faster than serial for short distances
Serial Communication Implementation
Popular implementation found in older and some newer computers is known
as the RS-232 serial connection found in microcomputers
Newer type of serial connections
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
RS-232 Pin Assignment
18
Module
Newer Serial Communication Technologies:
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Advantages of USB Over the RS-232 Port
Higher speed
Ability to daisy chain different devices (connect several devices together in a
linear series)
Support for hot plug-and-play (The ability to connect a device to the
computer while a computer is in operation)
Universal Serial Bus
Being introduced as a high-speed replacement for the traditional
RS-232 port
USB has higher bandwidth
1.5 Mbps, 12 Mbps and 480 Mbps
Faster than the RS-232 port that operates in the region of 115+ K bps
Devices can be daisy-chained (connect several devices together in a
linear series)
Daisy Chaining of USB Devices
USB Connection
Computer
Device 3
USB
Port
Device 2
In
Device 1
Out
Connecting USB Devices Using a Hub
USB Connection
Computer
USB
Port
In
Device 3
Device 2
Hub
Out
GUI of Project
Enter the
transmitted Words
Display Received
Words
om port
Button
ton
Enter Regular
Expression
Display the length of
input
Display Nbr# of
Total inputs
Display Nbr# of Match
words
Flow Chart
Future Scope
Since the networking through serial port is bit slow, same idea can be implemented through the USB port which is
quite fast as compared to the serial port.Implementing networking by means of the USB port involves the writtng
of a USB driver. This USB driver is embedded with the network driver written for serialport.
Some Basic Concepts of USB Port
The Universal Serial bus was originally designed with following intentions:
Connection of the PC to the telephone
Ease-of-use
Port expansion.
The USB is strictly hierarchical and it is controlled by one host. The host uses a master / slave protocol to
communicate with attached USB devices. This means that every kind of communication is initiated by the host
and devices cannot establish any direct connection to other devices. This seems to be a drawback in comparison
to other bus architectures but it is not because the USB was designed as a compromise of costs and performance.
The master / slave protocol solves implicitly problems like collision avoidance or distributed bus arbitration. The
current implementation of the USB allows 127 devices to be connected at the same time and the total
communication bandwidth is limited to 12Mbit/s. Howewer use of low speed devices, management of USB
"interrupts" and other overheads mean that actual throughput cannot exceed about 8.5Mbit/s under near ideal
conditions, and typical performance may be around 2Mbit/s.
Conclusion:
This project can be used extensively inorder to establish adhoc networks between systems. It
provides a cheaper alternative for ethernet cards in situations where we are forced to establish a
network temporarily for some specific purpose.Even though the serial port network is slow as
compared to the ethernetcard, but provided the cost benefits it can be used very effectively.
Besides this, this project is also a good example for those who are interested in understanding the
complexities of the network interface. This project provides a study model for those interested in
networking. Since the serial ports are used for communication, the data transmission rate is low. But
the project demonstrate how powerful the network drivers are.
