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Streams and Input/Output Files

The document discusses Java streams and input/output. It covers reading and writing primitive data types using DataInputStream and DataOutputStream classes. It also discusses concatenating and buffering streams using SequenceInputStream and buffered stream classes. The document provides examples of random access files using RandomAccessFile class and interactive input/output using System.in and System.out streams.

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24 views22 pages

Streams and Input/Output Files

The document discusses Java streams and input/output. It covers reading and writing primitive data types using DataInputStream and DataOutputStream classes. It also discusses concatenating and buffering streams using SequenceInputStream and buffered stream classes. The document provides examples of random access files using RandomAccessFile class and interactive input/output using System.in and System.out streams.

Uploaded by

Anonymous ZntoXci
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Streams and Input/Output

Files
Part 3

Handling Primitive Data Types

The basic input and output streams provide


read/write methods that can be used for
reading/writing bytes or characters.
To read/write the primitive data types such as
integers and doubles, we can use filter
classes as wrappers on the existing I/O
streams to filter data to the original stream.
The two filter classes supported for creating
data streams for primitive data types are:

DataInputStream
DataOutputStream

Hierarchy of Data Stream


Classes
Class

Interface

FilterInputStream

DataInput

DataInputStream

Class

Interface

FilterOutputStream

DataOutput

DataOutputtStream
3

Data Input Stream Creation

Create Input File Stream:

Create Input Data Stream:

DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream( fis );

The above statements wrap data input stream


(dis) on file input stream (fis) and use it as a
filter.
Methods Supported:

FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(InFile);

readBoolean(), readByte(), readChar(), readShort(),


readInt(), readLong(), readFloat(), readDouble()

They read data stored in file in binary format.


4

Data Output Stream Creation

Create Output File Stream:

Create Output Data Stream:

DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream( fos );

The above statements wrap data output stream (dos)


on file output stream (fos) and use it as a filter.
Methods Supported:

FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(OutFile);

writeBoolean(), writeByte(), writeChar(), writeShort(),


writeInt(), writeLong(), writeFloat(), writeDouble()

They write data to file in binary format.

How many bytes are written to file when for statements:

writeInt(120), writeInt(10120)

Data Streams Flow via Filter

Write primitive data to the file using a


filter.
dos
fos
Program

filter

binary stream

mydata

Read primitive data from the file using a


filter.
fis
dis
mydata

binary stream

filter

Program

Screen

Writing and Reading Primitive


Data
import java.io.*;
public class ReadWriteFilter {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
// write primitive data in binary format to the "mydata" file
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("mydata");
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(fos);
dos.writeInt(120);
dos.writeDouble(375.50);
dos.writeInt('A'+1);
dos.writeBoolean(true);
dos.writeChar('X');
dos.close();
fos.close();
// read primitive data in binary format from the "mydata" file
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("mydata");
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(fis);
System.out.println(dis.readInt());
System.out.println(dis.readDouble());
System.out.println(dis.readInt());
System.out.println(dis.readBoolean());
System.out.println(dis.readChar());
dis.close();
fis.close();
}
}

Program Run and Output

C:\254\examples>java ReadWriteFilter

120
375.5
66
true
X

Display content of mydata file (in binary


format):

C:\254\examples>type mydata

x@wx

B X

What is the size of mydata file (in bytes) ?

Size of int+double+int+boolean+char
8

Concatenating and Buffering


Streams

Two or more input streams can be combined


into a single input stream. This process is
known as logical concatenation of streams
and is achieved using the
SequenceInputStream class.
A SequenceInputStream starts out with an
ordered collection of input streams and reads
from the first one until end of file is reached,
whereupon it reads from the second one,
and so on, until end of file is reached on the
last of the contained input streams.
9

Sequencing and Buffering of


Streams

Buffered streams sit between the


program and data source/destination and
functions like a filter or support efficient
I/O. Buffered can be created using
BufferedInputStream and
BufferedOutputStream classes.

file1.dat
file2.dat

file1+file2

Buffer

Streams
Sequencer

inBuffer

read()

Program

write()
Buffer

Screen

outputBuffer
10

Example Program
import java.io.*;
public class CombineStreams {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
// declare file streams
FileInputStream file1 = new FileInputStream("file1.dat");
FileInputStream file2 = new FileInputStream("file2.dat");
// declare file3 to store combined streams
SequenceInputStream file3 = null;
// concatenate file1 and file2 streams into file3
file3 = new SequenceInputStream(file1, file2);
BufferedInputStream inBuffer = new BufferedInputStream(file3);
BufferedOutputStream outBuffer = new BufferedOutputStream(System.out);
// read and write combined streams until the end of buffers
int ch;
while((ch = inBuffer.read()) != -1 )
outBuffer.write(ch);
outBuffer.flush(); // check out the output by removing this line
System.out.println("\nHello, This output is generated by CombineFiles.java program");
inBuffer.close();
outBuffer.close();
file1.close();
file2.close();
file3.close();
}
}

11

Contents of Input Files

The file1.dat contains:

Hello,
I am C++, born in AT&T.

The file2.dat contains:

Hello,
I am Java, born in Sun Microsystems!

12

Output

C:\254\examples>java CombineStreams

Hello,
I am C++, born in AT&T.
Hello,
I am Java, born in Sun Microsystems!
Hello, This output is generated by CombineFiles.java
program

If the statement outBuffer.flush() is removed, the


output will be:

Hello, This output is generated by CombineFiles.java


program
Hello,
I am C++, born in AT&T.
Hello,
I am Java, born in Sun Microsystems!
13

Random Access Files

So for we have discussed sequential files that are either


used for storing data and accessed (read/write) them in
sequence.
In most real world applications, it is necessary to access
data in non-sequential order (e.g, banking system) and
append new data or update existing data.
Java IO package supports RandomAccessFile class that
allow us to create files that can be used for reading
and/or writing with random access.
The file can be open either in read mode (r) or readwrite mode (rw) as follows:

myFileHandleName = new RandomAccessFile (filename,


mode);

The file pointer can be set to any to any location


(measured in bytes) using seek() method prior to reading
or writing.
14

Random Access Example


import java.io.*;
public class RandomAccess {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
// write primitive data in binary format to the "mydata" file
RandomAccessFile myfile = new RandomAccessFile("rand.dat", "rw");
myfile.writeInt(120);
myfile.writeDouble(375.50);
myfile.writeInt('A'+1);
myfile.writeBoolean(true);
myfile.writeChar('X');
// set pointer to the beginning of file and read next two items
myfile.seek(0);
System.out.println(myfile.readInt());
System.out.println(myfile.readDouble());
//set pointer to the 4th item and read it
myfile.seek(16);
System.out.println(myfile.readBoolean());
// Go to the end and append an integer 2003
myfile.seek(myfile.length());
myfile.writeInt(2003);
// read 5th and 6th items
myfile.seek(17);
System.out.println(myfile.readChar());
System.out.println(myfile.readInt());
System.out.println("File length: "+myfile.length());
myfile.close();
}
}

0
Int
4
Double
12
Int
boolean
Char
Int

16
17
19
23

15

Execution and Output

C:\254\examples>java
RandomAccess

120
375.5
true
X
2003
File length: 23
16

Streams and Interactive I/O

Real world applications are designed to


support interactive and/or batch I/O
operations.
Interactive programs allow users to interact
with them during their execution through I/O
devices such as keyboard, mouse, display
devices (text/graphical interface), media
devices (microphones/speakers), etc..

Java provides rich functionality for developing


interactive programs.

Batch programs are those that are designed


to read input data from files and produce
outputs through files.
17

Standard I/O

The System class contains three I/O


objects (static)

System.in instance of InputStream


System.out instance of PrintStream
System.err instance of PrintStream

To perform keyboard input, we need


use functionalities of DataInputStream
and StringTokenizer classes.
18

Reading Integer from Standard


Input

Create buffered reader for standard input


by wrapping System.in object:

Read a line of text from the console

String str = dis.readLine();

Create Tokenens

BufferedReader dis = new BufferedReader(new


InputStreamReader(System.in));

StringTokenizer st;
st = new StringTokenizer(str);

Convert String Token into basic integer:

int stdID = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());


19

Interactive IO Example
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class StudentRecord {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
// Create buffered reader for standard input
BufferedReader dis = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
StringTokenizer st;
// reading data from console
System.out.print("Enter Student ID: ");
st = new StringTokenizer(dis.readLine());
int stdID = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
System.out.print("Enter Student Name: ");
String stdName = dis.readLine();
System.out.print("Enter Student Marks: ");
st = new StringTokenizer(dis.readLine());
int stdMarks = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
// write to console
System.out.println("Student details are:");
System.out.println("ID: "+stdID);
System.out.println("Name: "+stdName);
System.out.println("Marks: "+stdMarks);
}
}

20

Run and Output

C:\254\examples>java StudentRecord

Enter Student ID: 2002010


Enter Student Name: Mary Baker
Enter Student Marks: 85
Student details are:
ID: 2002010
Name: Mary Baker
Marks: 85
21

Summary

All Java I/O classes are designed to operate with


Exceptions.
User Exceptions and your own handler with files to
manger runtime errors.
Subclasses FileReader / FileWriter support
characters-based File I/O.
FileInputStream and FileOutputStream classes
support bytes-based File I/O.
Buffered read/write operations support efficient I/O.
DataInputStream and DataOutputStream classes
support rich I/O functionality.
RandomAccessFile supports access to any data
items in files in any order.
22

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