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Introduction To Physical Science

This document defines key concepts in science including facts, hypotheses, theories, laws, and the branches of various sciences. It states that science is a systematized body of knowledge tested through human experience. Hypotheses are ideas that can be tested, theories provide coherent explanations for many facts, and laws describe phenomena that always occur under specific conditions. The main branches of science are physical sciences (physics, chemistry, astronomy, geology, meteorology), life sciences (biology fields), and earth sciences (geology, oceanography, ecology). Pure science aims to develop theories while applied science uses knowledge to solve practical problems.

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Veronica Medrano
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980 views31 pages

Introduction To Physical Science

This document defines key concepts in science including facts, hypotheses, theories, laws, and the branches of various sciences. It states that science is a systematized body of knowledge tested through human experience. Hypotheses are ideas that can be tested, theories provide coherent explanations for many facts, and laws describe phenomena that always occur under specific conditions. The main branches of science are physical sciences (physics, chemistry, astronomy, geology, meteorology), life sciences (biology fields), and earth sciences (geology, oceanography, ecology). Pure science aims to develop theories while applied science uses knowledge to solve practical problems.

Uploaded by

Veronica Medrano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Body of systematized facts and knowledge as

tested and verified by human experiences. It


embraces

imperfectly

comprehended

truths,

probabilities, theories, and hypothesis.

It

is

defined

knowledge,

as

an

organized

amassed,

severely

body

of

tested,

coordinated, and systematized so as to form a


basis for truth.

The principles and theories of science have


been

established

experimentation

through

and

repeated

observation

and

have been refered through peer review


before

general

acceptance

scientific community.

by

the

Acceptance does

not imply rigidity or constraint. Instead,


as new data become available, previous
scientific explanations are revised and

A hypothesis is an idea or
proposition
tested

by

that

can

observations

experiments,
natural world.

about

be
or
the

A theory is a coherent explanation for


a

large

number

of

facts

and

observations about the natural world.


A theory is:
Internally consistent and compatible
with the evidence
Firmly grounded in and based upon
evidence
Tested against a wide range of
phenomena
Demonstrably effective in problem-

A scientific law is a description of a natural


phenomenon or principle that invariably
holds true under specific conditions and
will occur under certain circumstances.

Facts particularly truths that are recognized such


without fear or doubt. They are actual occurrences
which

are

usually

comprehended

as

result

of

observations and experimentations.

Hypotheses suppositions or generalizations which are


likely explanation of definite series of facts. They are
not mere speculations for they are based on careful
observations and experiments. They are the first set of
conclusion leading to the establishment of principles.

Theories conclusions based upon facts as far


as

they

are

known.

They

have

greater

certainty than hypothesis and try to explain


observe phenomena and relationship between
them.

Principles conclusion or general truths which


are established with certainty by inferences e
from adequate and apparently through facts.

The sciences that describe the


physical

universe

are

categorized in different ways.


The

largest

distinction

in

science is whether a science is


pure, or theoretical, or whether
it is applied, or practical.

PURE

SCIENCE

science,

is

the

also

exact

called

science

basic
of

the

development of scientific theories.

APPLIED SCIENCE the exact science of


applying knowledge from one or more
natural
problems

scientific

fields

to

practical

In general, pure science is


divided into the following
categories:
Earth sciences, which explain
the phenomena of Earth, its
atmosphere, and the solar
system to which it belongs.
Life sciences, which describe
living organisms, their internal
processes, and their relationship
to each other and the
environment.
Physical sciences

BRANCHES OF EARTH SCIENCE


Geology
Meteorology
Astronomy
Volcanology study of volcanoes
Seismology study of
earthquakes
Paleontology study of fossils
Oceanography study of seas
Ecology study of the
relationship between
organisms and their
environment
Environmental Science study of

BRANCHES OF LIFE SCIENCE


Botany: study of plants
Zoology: science that covers animals
and animal life
Genetics: The study of heredity
Medicine: The science of diagnosing,
treating, and preventing illness,
disease, and injury
Microbiology: the biology of microscopic
organisms, or life too small to be seen
with the naked eye

Ichthyology: study of fish


Herpetology: study of reptiles
Ornithology: study of birds

deals with the non-living aspects of the


natural world and it encompasses the
following
physics,

disciplines:
astronomy,

meteorology.

chemistry,

geology,

and

Physics
Chemistry
Astronomy
Meteorology
Geology

science that deals with the

structure,

composition

and

properties of items and with the


transformations that they undergo
- the composition and chemical
properties of a substance

The science of matter and energy and of


interactions between the two, grouped in
traditional fields such as acoustics, optics,
mechanics,

thermodynamics,

electromagnetism,
extensions
physics,

as

including
cryogenics,

well

as

atomic

and

in

modern

and

nuclear

solid-state

particle physics, and plasma physics.

physics,

The

all

science which investigates


the

matter-energy

universe:
composition,

its

in

the

distribution,

physical

states,

movements, and evolution.

The science which deals with: (a) the structure


and

mineral

constitution

of

the

globe;

structural geology. (b) its history as regards


rocks, minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains,
climates, life, etc.; historical geology. (c) the
causes and methods by which its structure,
features, changes, and conditions have been
produced; dynamical geology.

the

interdisciplinary

scientific

study of the atmosphere that


focuses on weather processes
and forecasting

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