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    WBCs 1

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    kandarpvyasa5930
    Leukocytes are the mobile units of the body's protective system and include granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and agranulocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes). Granulocytes develop through several stages of granulopoiesis from myeloblast to segmented granulocyte. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils have different functions such as phagocytosis, enzyme and chemical release, and roles in allergic responses and parasitic infections. Abnormal levels of these cells can indicate various acute infections, allergic conditions, parasitic infections, and other disorders.

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    WBCs 1

    Uploaded by

    kandarpvyasa5930
    49 views21 pages
    Leukocytes are the mobile units of the body's protective system and include granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and agranulocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes). Granulocytes develop through several stages of granulopoiesis from myeloblast to segmented granulocyte. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils have different functions such as phagocytosis, enzyme and chemical release, and roles in allergic responses and parasitic infections. Abnormal levels of these cells can indicate various acute infections, allergic conditions, parasitic infections, and other disorders.

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    Leukocytes are the mobile units of the body's protective system and include granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and agranulocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes). Granulocytes develop through several stages of granulopoiesis from myeloblast to segmented granulocyte. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils have different functions such as phagocytosis, enzyme and chemical release, and roles in allergic responses and parasitic infections. Abnormal levels of these cells can indicate various acute infections, allergic conditions, parasitic infections, and other disorders.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    49 views21 pages

    WBCs 1

    Uploaded by

    kandarpvyasa5930
    Leukocytes are the mobile units of the body's protective system and include granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and agranulocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes). Granulocytes develop through several stages of granulopoiesis from myeloblast to segmented granulocyte. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils have different functions such as phagocytosis, enzyme and chemical release, and roles in allergic responses and parasitic infections. Abnormal levels of these cells can indicate various acute infections, allergic conditions, parasitic infections, and other disorders.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Leukocytes

    Are mobile units of the bodys


    protective system
    Granulocytes
    a. Neutrophils
    b. Eosinophils
    c. Basophils

    Agranulocytes
    a. Monocytes
    b. Lymphocytes

    Normal Percentages Of Different


    WBCS
    Polymorphonuclear neutrophils

    62

    Polymorphonuclear eosinophils

    2-3 %

    Polymorphonuclear basophils 0.4 %


    Monocytes
    Lymphocytes

    5.3 %
    30.0 %

    Granulopoiesis
    Myeloblast.

    Size : 20-25 Micro meter


    Shape:Round/ Oval
    Nucleus:
    Large, oval or round and eccentric. Has a thin
    nuclear membrane and finely dispersed,
    granular,
    purplish, pale chromatin. 2-5 light blue-gray
    nucleoli.
    Cytoplasm:
    Small, basophilic, lacks granules
    Nuclear/ cytoplasmic ratio 7:1

    Promyelocyte.
    Size:
    14-20 Micro meter
    Shape:Round or Oval
    Nucleus:
    Round, oval or eccentric, possibly slightly
    indented
    and surrounded by a thin membrane, still
    large but
    is beginning to shrink. Chromatin
    condensation
    appear.
    1 3 nucleoli may be faintly visible.
    Cytoplasm:
    Pale blue. nuclear / cytoplasmic ratio is

    Myelocyte.
    Size: 15- 18 Micro meter
    Shape: Round
    Nucleus:
    Condensed, oval, slightly indented and
    eccentric. Chromatin coarse. Nucleoli absent
    Cytoplasm:
    Light pink, acidophilic. Nuclear/ cytoplasmic ratio
    is 2:1
    or 1.5 : 1 contain specific granules that are
    coarse
    A few non specific granules also seen.

    Metamyelocyte.

    (Juvenile cell that is last cell capable of mitotic division)

    Size:
    12 18 Micro meter
    Shape: Round
    Nucleus:
    Eccentric, condensed, indented.
    Nuclear membrane thick and heavy. Chromatin
    concentrated into irregular thick and thin
    areas.
    Cytoplasm:
    Abundant, pale or pink
    Nuclear cytoplasmic ratio 1:1 very few non
    specific granules present. Neutrophilic granules
    vary in size but somewhat finer than the
    previous
    stage. Basophilic and eosinophilic granules are

    Band granulocyte ( Stab cell).


    Size: 10 15 Micro meter
    Shape: Round
    Nucleus: elongated, curved and Ushaped.
    Not segmented but slightly indented at 1
    or 2
    points. Chromatin thick and coarse.
    Cytoplasm: pale or colorless
    Nuclear cytoplasmic ratio 1 : 2
    Contains few non specific and more
    specific

    Segmented( mature)
    granulocyte.
    Size: 10 15 Micro meter
    Shape: Round
    Nucleus:
    Eccentric with thick chromatin masses.
    Divided into 2 5 lobes connected to each
    other
    by thin bridges of nuclear membrane.
    Cytoplasm:
    Abundant, colorless or eosinophilic.
    Nuclear cytoplasmic ratio 1:2

    Stages of Granulopoiesis

    Neutrophils

    Eosinophils

    Basophils

    Characteristics of
    Granulocytes
    Margination
    Migration or Diapedesis
    Amoeboid movement
    Chemotaxis
    Phagocytosis

    Movement of neutrophils showing


    characteristics of granulocytes

    Functions of Neutrophils
    Phagocytosis
    Lysosomes: Proteolytic enzymes
    Myeloperoxidase
    H2O2+Cl
    Hypochlorite
    Bactericidal agents. e.g. Superoxide
    ions, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydroxyl
    ions

    Neutrophilia
    Increased number of neutrophils in blood
    Causes:
    Acute bacterial infections. e.g.
    Pneumonias,
    appendicitis, tonsillitis
    Burns, hemorrhage, tissue injury
    Polycythemia vera
    Strenuous exercise

    Neutropenia
    Decreased number of neutrophils in
    blood.
    Causes:
    Bacterial infections. e.g. Typhoid
    fever.
    viral hepatitis
    Kalazar (Schistosomiasis)
    Bone marrow depression
    Hypersplenism

    Characteristics of
    Eosinophils.
    Weakly phagocytic
    Lysosomes contain hydrolytic
    enzymes
    Major basic protein
    Reactive oxygen
    Histaminase
    Peroxidases

    Eosinophilia

    Increased number of eosinophils in


    blood
    Causes:
    Allergic conditions e.g. Bronchial
    asthma, hay fever
    Parasitic infestations e.g. hookworm,
    trichinosis(Trichinella),
    schistosomiasis etc.
    Dermatitis
    Penicillin

    Eosinopenia
    Decreased number of Eosinophils in
    blood
    Causes:
    Coticosteroids
    Over activity of adrenal cortex
    Diurnal variation: less in the
    morning ,may
    be in response to increased secretion
    of

    Contents of Basophils
    Heparin
    Histamine
    SRS ( slow reacting substance of
    anaphylaxis)
    Serotonin
    Leukotreins
    Bradykinin
    Eosinophil chemotactic factor
    Neutrophil chemotactic factor
    Many other lysosomal enzymes

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