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Control of Water in Mines

The document discusses control of water in mines. For open pit mines, surface and subsurface water can cause issues and must be drained. Drainage techniques include surface and bottom drainage ditches, as well as vertical and horizontal drainage wells. For underground mines, techniques include diverting surface water, dewatering before mining, minimizing water flow, reducing rock permeability, and draining water through adits. Pumps are also important, including reciprocating pumps, submersible pumps, and centrifugal pumps. Reciprocating pumps can handle muddy or corrosive water but require special sealing, while submersible pumps require no foundations or priming.

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Risasri Ridwan
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115 views45 pages

Control of Water in Mines

The document discusses control of water in mines. For open pit mines, surface and subsurface water can cause issues and must be drained. Drainage techniques include surface and bottom drainage ditches, as well as vertical and horizontal drainage wells. For underground mines, techniques include diverting surface water, dewatering before mining, minimizing water flow, reducing rock permeability, and draining water through adits. Pumps are also important, including reciprocating pumps, submersible pumps, and centrifugal pumps. Reciprocating pumps can handle muddy or corrosive water but require special sealing, while submersible pumps require no foundations or priming.

Uploaded by

Risasri Ridwan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTROL OF WATER IN MINES

1
GROUP III

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Control of Water in Mines


2

11.4.1

Open Pit Mines

11.4.2

Underground Mines

11.4.3

Pumps and Pumping

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

OPEN PIT MINES


3
GROUP III

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Control of Water in Mines


Open Pit Mines
4

Surface Water

Result: erosion of pit slopes, haulage roadway, drainage


ditches, glaciation in winter.
Subsurface Water
Result: reduction of soil, instability of pit slopes, seepage
of slopes.

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Control of Water in Mines


Open Pit Mines
5

Drainage
Surface
Drainage
Ditches
Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

Bottom
Drainage
Ditches
12/8/16

Surface Drainage Ditches


6

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Bottom Drainage Ditches


7

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Control of Water in Mines


Open Pit Mines
8

Drainage
Vertical
Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

Horizontal
12/8/16

Vertical Drainage
9

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Horizontal Drainage
10

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Control of Water in Mines


Open Pit Mines
11

Horizontal Drainage

To dewater an aquifer affecting the slope stability.


40 to 50 mm of PVC slotted pipe installed (1 to 5
upslope).
Installation and maintenance costs are low.
There are no running costs.
Cannot be installed before completion of the excavation.
Drilling of the holes in certain rocks may create problems
requiring the use of special techniques.
Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Control of Water in Mines


Open Pit Mines
12

Vertical Drainage

Vertical wells drilled from the surface use pump, gravity


or artesian flow discharge.
Possibility of dewatering ahead of excavation.
No interference with the mining operation.

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Summary of Open Pit Stabilization by Drainage


13

Cyprus Anvil Mine Faro, Yukon.

Problem: Surface inflow from Faro Creek causing


erosion
in summer and glaciation in winter.
Solution: Diverted creek and placed water-proof line
high
permeability zones.
Pine Point Mines Pine Point, NWT.
Problem: Extensive seepage into numerous open pit.
Solution: Installation of deep wells (120 to 150 m)
around
the open pit.
Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Summary of Open Pit Stabilization by Drainage


14

Bougainville Copper Mine Papua and New Guinea.

Problem: Very high rainfall region combined with severe


earthquake potential.
Solution: Development of drainage.
Iron Ore Company Quebec.
Problem: High precipitation, very cold winter climate,
and high water table.
Solution: Surface drainage was installed around the pit
to
control surface water.
Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Summary of Open Pit Stabilization by Drainage


15

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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UNDERGROUND MINES
16
GROUP III

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Control of Water in Mines


Underground Mines
17

Divert to intercept surface water.


Dewater prior to mining, using surface bore holes.
Minimize water flow by mining up from the bottom of the

ore body.
Reduce the permeability of the rock mass.
Protect the working areas from inflow.
Drain water through an adit.
Use special practice to aid control, to reduce or prepare
for surprises.
Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Control of Water in Mines


Development Heading
18

Highly Permeable Rock Required advance:


Bore Hole
Grouting
Bore Hole and
Grouting Behind the
Working Place

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Control of Water in Mines


Secondary Extraction
19

The area must be divide into panels which can be easily

isolated with watertight dams after extraction has been


completed in each panel.
Transport roadsway for workers and material and

escape roadways to protect form flooding.


Nova Scotia, 30 m beetwen sea bed and and opening

and 54 m to cover
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Control of Water in Mines


Secondary Extraction
20

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Control of Water in Mines


Secondary Extraction
21

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Control of Water in Mines


Secondary Extraction
22

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Control of Water in Mines


Salt Mine
23

The flow of fresh water into a salt mine result in the

easly soluble salts being dissolved increasing the width


and length of cracks and creating sudden collapse of the
mine excavation. Portland cement slurries for pore and
fracture system of 1 mm.

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Control of Water in Mines


Dams and Stopping
24

Dams Filtration

To stop movement of suspended particle and thereby


allow clean (filtered) water to pass trought them.
Water dams, bulkheads, and Plugs
Preparatory stopping which are built so that they can
be
converted into bulkheads, plugs, and dam to stand
high water pressure are part of the mining methods in
mines likely to exprience higt water inflows.
Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Control of Water in Mines


Dams and Stopping
25

To determine thickness of dam:

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Control of Water in Mines


Dams and Stopping
26

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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PUMP AND PUMPING


27
GROUP III

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Pump and Pumping


28

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Pump and Pumping


Sumps
29

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Pump and Pumping


Horizontal Flow Type
30

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Pump and Pumping


Vertical Flow Type
31

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Pump and Pumping


Pumps
32

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Pump and Pumping


Reciprocating Pump
33

The working chambers or cylinders is alternately filled and


emptied by forcing in and drawing out water by mechanical
action.
It consist of two main parts: a power end and a water end.
1. A Power End
The power end convert the rotary motion required by
the water end.
2. A Water End

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Pump and Pumping


Reciprocating Pump
34

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

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Pump and Pumping


Reciprocating Pump
35

Reciprocating pumps are employed to pump muddy or


corrosive mine water and slurries. However, special
measures must be taken to protect the sealing system
from abrasive slurry particles. Plunger-type pumps inject
clean water in front of the packing on the suction stroke
to prevent contact between the slurry and the packing
materials
Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Pump and Pumping


Reciprocating Pump
36

In the case of the Mitsubishi-mars pump (fig.11.36), oil is


interposed between the pump and the slurry. A low-speed
reciprocating, duplex oil pump displaces the pumped slurry
into a vertical oil/slurry chamber, and the slurry does not
contact the pump piston. However, the suction and
discharge valves operate in the slurry.

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Pump and Pumping


Reciprocating Pump
37

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

38

Diaphragm

Mechanically
Operate
Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

Hydraulically
Operated
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Pump and Pumping


Reciprocating Pump
39

single

stator

screw/flexible

pump

(a

Mono

pump Fig. 11.37) is also


used in mines to handle
gritty or corrosive mine
water, slurry, etc. it consist
of a helical metal rotor
rotating within a resilient
stator
Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Pump and Pumping


Submersible Pumps
40

Submersible pumps. Centrifugal pumps may be submerged in the


water to be pumped by mounting the motor above the water level
and connecting it to the pump through a vertical drive shaft. Fully
submersible pumps are also available with the casing and impeller
assembly coupled to special motor designed for operation
underwater.
Pump characteristics. In the case of centrifugal pumps, the head
generated by each impeller as a function of the diameter and
rotational speed.
Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Pump and Pumping


Submersible Pumps
41

1. No special pump chamber or foundations are required, as


the pump is suspended or stands in the sump; 2. The sudden
rise in water level which could flood a pump chamber is of no
concern; 3. Control is simple as no priming is required; 4. No
maintenance or supervision is required, as overhaul is required
only at long intervals; 5. Turbulence which can lead to the
formation of insoluble impurities causing the build-up of
deposits in the pump.
Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Pump and Pumping


The Advantages of Centrifugal Pump
42

1. Their higher speed result in lower size and cost


2. They can operate on minimum flow rate without

exceeding a predetermined delivery head,


operate on maximum flow rate without
exceeding a predetermined power demand and
the designed to meet several duties.
3. No gearing is required as the high speeds are
suitable for direct drives with consequent smooth
and quiet running.
4. The absence of vibration and comparatively
inexpensive foundations.
Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Pump and Pumping


The Advantages of Reciprocating Pump
43

1. Within their field of applicability they have

higher efficiencies.
2. They are applicable to variable delivery heads

without speed adjustment-useful when the


head is uncertain.
3. They are self-priming and therefore able to
handle a certain amount of air without pump
failure
Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Pump and Pumping


Centrifugal Pump
44

= static discharge head


= static suction lift
= friction head in discharge
= Friction head in suction

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

Pump and Pumping


Centrifugal Pump
45

= static discharge head


= static suction lift
= friction head in discharge
= Friction head in suction

Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Hasanuddin

12/8/16

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