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Line Coding: Submitted by

Line coding is used in optical fiber communication to encode digital signals for transmission by introducing redundancy. It involves arranging signal symbols in a pattern according to encoding rules. The goals of line coding are to transmit binary data over long distances using minimal bandwidth while allowing for error detection and clock recovery. The main types of line coding are non-return-to-zero (NRZ), which uses different voltages to represent 1s and 0s without a neutral state, and return-to-zero (RZ), which returns to a neutral state between bits and allows self-clocking but uses more bandwidth. Manchester coding provides synchronization like RZ while only requiring two amplitude levels.

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39 views13 pages

Line Coding: Submitted by

Line coding is used in optical fiber communication to encode digital signals for transmission by introducing redundancy. It involves arranging signal symbols in a pattern according to encoding rules. The goals of line coding are to transmit binary data over long distances using minimal bandwidth while allowing for error detection and clock recovery. The main types of line coding are non-return-to-zero (NRZ), which uses different voltages to represent 1s and 0s without a neutral state, and return-to-zero (RZ), which returns to a neutral state between bits and allows self-clocking but uses more bandwidth. Manchester coding provides synchronization like RZ while only requiring two amplitude levels.

Uploaded by

Priyanka Priyadarsini
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Line Coding

SUBMITTED BY :
Shruti Smruti Mishra
ETC-A

Line Coding

In Optical Fiber Communication, Signal Encoding uses a set of rules for arranging
the signal symbols in a particular pattern. This process is called Channel or line
coding.

Method of converting binary sequence into digital signal.

Goal is to transmit binary data (e.g., PCM encoded voice, MPEG encoded video,
financial information).

Transmission distance is large enough that communication link bandwidth is


comparable to signal bandwidth.

Connections between nearby logic gates have bandwidth greater than switching
speed, so no line coding is needed. But longer connections use pulse shaping.

Multiple links may be used, with regenerative repeaters.

Principle of Line Coding

To introduce redundancy into the data stream for the purpose of minimizing
the error that results from channel interference effects.

Depending on the amount of redundancy introduced, any degree of error-free


transmission of digital data can be archived, provided that the data rate that
includes this redundancy is less than the channel capacity. This is called
Shannon channel-coding theory.

Line Coding Requirements

Small transmission bandwidth

Power efficiency: as small as possible for required data rate and error
probability

Error detection/correction

Suitable power spectral density, e.g., little low frequency content

Timing information: clock must be extracted from data

Types of Line Coding

There are 2 basic types of line coding, that is used for optical fiber
transmission links:
i) NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero) Format
ii) RZ(Return Zero) Format

Non-Return-to-Zero

A non-return-to-zero (NRZ) line code is a binary code in which 1s are


represented by one significant condition (positive voltage) and 0s are
represented by some other significant condition (negative voltage), with no
other neutral or rest condition.

The pulses have more energy than a return-to-zero(RZ) code. Unlike RZ, NRZ
does not have a rest state. NRZ is not inherently a self-clocking signal, thus
some additional synchronization technique must be used for avoiding bit slip.

Types of Line Coding

Return-to-Zero

RZ takes place even if a number of consecutive 0s or 1s occur in the signal.


The signal is self-clocking.

That a separate clock does not need to be sent alongside the signal, but suffers
from using twice the bandwidth to achieve the same data-rate as compared
to non-return-to-zero format.

Manchester Coding

Instead of high equaling 1 and low equaling 0 a timing interval is used to


measure high or low transition.

Uses inversion at he middle of each bit interval


- provides
synchronization
- bit representation

Achieves same level of synchronization as RZ

Requires only two level of amplitudes representation

Advantages of Manchester
Coding

Error recovery if part of the signal clipped or distorted


still intelligence is available for timing recovery.

Signal is falling or raising.

PSD of Line Coding

Applications of Line Coding

THANK YOU

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