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    Wheel Alignment Basics

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    Annamalai Palaniappan
    Wheel alignment involves adjusting camber, caster, toe, steering axis inclination, and turning radius to ensure proper tire wear and vehicle handling. Camber is the tilt of the wheel and affects tire wear. Caster provides straight line stability and steering return. Toe, the distance between front and rear of wheels, affects tire wear and steering but not handling. Precise alignment requires preparing the vehicle and using alignment equipment to measure and adjust these specifications.

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    Wheel Alignment Basics

    Uploaded by

    Annamalai Palaniappan
    653 views19 pages
    Wheel alignment involves adjusting camber, caster, toe, steering axis inclination, and turning radius to ensure proper tire wear and vehicle handling. Camber is the tilt of the wheel and affects tire wear. Caster provides straight line stability and steering return. Toe, the distance between front and rear of wheels, affects tire wear and steering but not handling. Precise alignment requires preparing the vehicle and using alignment equipment to measure and adjust these specifications.

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    Presentation on Wheel alignment and the relevant terms used

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    Wheel alignment involves adjusting camber, caster, toe, steering axis inclination, and turning radius to ensure proper tire wear and vehicle handling. Camber is the tilt of the wheel and affects tire wear. Caster provides straight line stability and steering return. Toe, the distance between front and rear of wheels, affects tire wear and steering but not handling. Precise alignment requires preparing the vehicle and using alignment equipment to measure and adjust these specifications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    653 views19 pages

    Wheel Alignment Basics

    Uploaded by

    Annamalai Palaniappan
    Wheel alignment involves adjusting camber, caster, toe, steering axis inclination, and turning radius to ensure proper tire wear and vehicle handling. Camber is the tilt of the wheel and affects tire wear. Caster provides straight line stability and steering return. Toe, the distance between front and rear of wheels, affects tire wear and steering but not handling. Precise alignment requires preparing the vehicle and using alignment equipment to measure and adjust these specifications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    WHEEL ALIGNMENT

    Camber
    Caster
    Toe
    Steering axis inclination
    Turning radius

    CAMBER

    Inward or outward
    tilt of the wheel at
    the top when
    viewed from the
    front of the car.
    It is measured in
    degrees of a circle.
    #2 Pull rule
    #2 Tire wear

    Positive Camber
    When camber is
    positive the tire
    leans out away
    from the vehicle
    at the top.
    On both front
    and rear wheels
    camber is
    important.

    Negative Camber

    When camber is
    negative the tire
    leans in toward the
    car at the top.

    Camber Tire Wear

    Camber Pull

    When the camber


    is more than
    degree different
    from one side to
    the other, the car
    will pull or drift.

    CASTER

    Forward or rearward
    tilt of the steering
    knuckle at the top
    Measured in degrees
    of a circle
    Provides straight line
    driving and steering
    wheel return
    #1 Pull rule.
    Does NOT effect tire
    wear

    Measuring Caster

    Caster is measured in degrees of a circle from true


    vertical.
    If the steering knuckle leans toward the rear of the
    car at the top that is positive caster.
    If the steering knuckle leans toward the front of the
    car at the top that is negative caster.

    How Caster Works

    There are two


    points of
    importance:
    The point of
    contact.
    The point of lead.
    The vehicle will
    always follow the
    point of lead.

    Effects of Caster

    If the difference in the caster angle


    is more than degree from side to
    side, the car will pull to the side of
    the most negative caster.

    Caster has no
    effect on tire wear.

    TOE-IN TOE-OUT

    Toe is the difference


    in distance between
    the front and rear of
    the front wheels.
    Measured in inches,
    millimeters or
    degrees.
    #1 Tire wearing
    angle.
    Does not effect
    handling.

    Measuring Toe

    Toe is typically
    measured in
    inches. (fractions
    of inches)
    If it is off, the tires
    will wear feather
    edged. Also the
    steering wheel
    spoke is usually
    crooked.

    STEERING AXIS
    INCLINATION

    Gives directional
    stability much like
    caster
    Non-adjustable
    Only changes
    when parts are
    bent
    Very important to
    check in collision
    work

    TURNING RADIUS
    or TOE-OUT ON TURNS

    Changes radius for inboard and outboard


    wheel while turning
    Non-adjustable
    Important to check if doing collision work

    Vehicle Thrust Line

    The rear wheels


    determine the path
    of the vehicle. Not
    the front wheels as
    commonly
    thought.

    Setting Up the Car


    Car suspension & steering must be
    checked out prior to alignment and
    repaired.
    Pull car on the rack correctly.
    Set rack on alignment stands.
    Connect alignment wheel reflectors.
    Punch in alignment specifications.

    Rolling Compensation

    This runs out the


    wheel clamp and
    measures camber,
    toe, thrust line and
    set back.

    Checking Caster and


    S.A.I.

    The wheel must be


    turned to reveal
    caster and SAI.

    Interpreting the results.

    On the rear, adjust


    camber the then
    toe.
    On the front adjust
    camber, caster and
    then toe.

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