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    Operator Overloading1

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    Operator overloading allows programmers to define custom implementations of operators for user-defined types. The keyword "operator" is used to overload operators like +, -, [], etc. to give user-defined types behavior similar to built-in types when used with those operators. While many operators can be overloaded, some like ., ::, ?: cannot. Overloaded operators must match the expected syntax and semantics of the original operator. Type conversions are closely related and can be controlled using keywords like explicit and mutable.

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    Operator Overloading1

    Uploaded by

    pra
    40 views63 pages
    Operator overloading allows programmers to define custom implementations of operators for user-defined types. The keyword "operator" is used to overload operators like +, -, [], etc. to give user-defined types behavior similar to built-in types when used with those operators. While many operators can be overloaded, some like ., ::, ?: cannot. Overloaded operators must match the expected syntax and semantics of the original operator. Type conversions are closely related and can be controlled using keywords like explicit and mutable.

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    Operator overloading allows programmers to define custom implementations of operators for user-defined types. The keyword "operator" is used to overload operators like +, -, [], etc. to give user-defined types behavior similar to built-in types when used with those operators. While many operators can be overloaded, some like ., ::, ?: cannot. Overloaded operators must match the expected syntax and semantics of the original operator. Type conversions are closely related and can be controlled using keywords like explicit and mutable.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    40 views63 pages

    Operator Overloading1

    Uploaded by

    pra
    Operator overloading allows programmers to define custom implementations of operators for user-defined types. The keyword "operator" is used to overload operators like +, -, [], etc. to give user-defined types behavior similar to built-in types when used with those operators. While many operators can be overloaded, some like ., ::, ?: cannot. Overloaded operators must match the expected syntax and semantics of the original operator. Type conversions are closely related and can be controlled using keywords like explicit and mutable.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 63

    Operator Overloading

    Transform complex, obscure program listings


    into obvious ones.
    The keyword operator is used to overload an
    operator, and the resulting operator will
    adopt the meaning supplied by the
    programmer.
    Closely related to operator overloading is
    the issue of type conversion.

    d3 = d1 + d2;
    d3.addobjects(d1, d2);
    d3 = d1.addobjects(d2);

    Overloading Unary Operators

    The operator Keyword


    The keyword operator is used to overload
    the ++ operator in this declarator:
    void operator ++ ()

    Not All Operators Can Be Overloaded

    the member access or dot operator (.)


    the scope resolution operator (::)
    the conditional operator (?:).
    the pointer-to-member
    operator (->),
    cant create new operators (like *&)
    overload them
    only existing operators can be
    overloaded.

    Post fix notation

    Binary operator

    Concat string

    The Subscript Operator ([])


    Normally used to access array elements, can
    be overloaded.
    the overloaded subscript operator must return
    by reference.
    3 ways to create safe arrays
    Separate put() and get() functions
    A single access() function using return by
    reference
    The overloaded [] operator using return by
    reference

    Data Conversion
    Conversions Between Basic Types
    intvar = floatvar;
    intvar = static_cast<int>(floatvar);

    Conversions Between Objects and


    Basic Types
    From object to primitive data type
    From primitive data type to object

    From basic to user defined

    From user defined to basic

    Conversions Between Objects of


    Different Classes

    Routine in Destination Object

    Preventing Conversions with explicit

    cant use the form of object initialization


    that uses an equal sign
    Distance dist1 = 2.35F;
    whereas the form with parentheses
    Distance dist1(2.35F);
    works as it always has.

    Changing const Object Data


    Using mutable

    Pitfalls of Operator Overloading


    and Conversion
    Use Similar Syntax
    Operator overloading and type conversions give
    you the opportunity to create what amounts to
    an entirely new language.
    Some syntactical characteristics of operators
    cant be changed, cant overload a binary
    operator to be a unary operator, or vice versa.

    Show Restraint
    Use overloaded operators sparingly, and only
    when the usage is obvious. When in doubt,
    use a function instead of an overloaded
    operator, since a function name can state its
    own purpose.

    Avoid Ambiguity
    Suppose you use both a one-argument constructor
    and a conversion operator to perform the
    same conversion (time24 to time12, for example).
    How will the compiler know which conversion
    to use? It wont.
    The compiler does not like to be placed in a
    situation where it doesnt know what to do, and it
    will signal an error. So avoid doing the same
    conversion in more than one way.

    Not All Operators Can Be Overloaded


    cant create new operators (like *&) and try
    to overload them; only existing operators
    can be overloaded.

    Keywords explicit and mutable


    Keywords: explicit and mutable.
    They have quite different effects,but are
    grouped together here because they both
    modify class members. The explicit
    keyword relates to data conversion, but
    mutable has a more subtle purpose.

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