M. E.

CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT

(BRANCH CODE - 14)

SEMESTER-III

INTERNAL REVIEW(2730002)

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY

SNPIT&RC,
UMRAKH

FUNCTIONAL PARAMETER BASED

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROJECT
DELIVERY METHODS FOR EFFECTIVE
IMPLEMENTATION IN PUBLIC PROJECTS
PREPARED BY:
GUIDE:
DESAI KEVIN U.
Dr. Neeraj D. Sharma
150490714005
Professor & H.O.D
M.E. (CEM),
Civil Engineering
Department
S.N.P.I.T.&R.C.,UMRAKH.

CO-GUIDE:

Mr. Hiren A. Rathod

M.E.(CEM),Assistant
Professor,
Civil Engineering
S.N.P.I.T & R.C UMRAKH
Department,

LIST OF LITERATURES
Project management knowledge and skills for green construction:
Overcoming challenges
Bon-Gang Hwang, Wei Jian Ng
International Journal of Project Management 31 (2013) 272284, Elsevier ltd,
SCIENCE DIRECT 2013.

Green construction assessment for environmental management in

the construction industry of Hong Kong
C.M. Tam, Vivian W.Y. Tam, W.S. Tsui
International Journal of Project Management 22 (2004) 563571
Green strategy for gaining competitive advantage in housing development:
a China study
Xiaoling Zhang, Liyin Shen, Yuzhe Wu
Journal of Cleaner Production 19 (2011) 157e167, IEDC ELSEVIER ltd,
SCIENCE DIRECT 2011.

Relative
Relative Effectiveness
Effectiveness of
of Project
Project Delivery
Delivery and
and Contract
Contract Strategies
Strategies
Adetokunbo
Adetokunbo A.
A. Oyetunji
Oyetunji and
and Stuart
Stuart D.
D. Anderson
Anderson
Journal
Journal of
of Construction
Construction Engineering
Engineering and
and Management,
Management,
Vol.
Vol. 132,
132, No.
No. 1,
1, January
January 1,
1, 2006.
2006. ASCE,
ASCE, ISSN
ISSN 0733-9364/2006/1-313
0733-9364/2006/1-313

A framework for development of Lean Integrated Project

Delivery Model
for infrastructure road projects
Debasis Sarkar
INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL
ENGINEERING
Volume 5, No 3, 2015

OF

CIVIL

AND

STRUCTURAL

Significant Factors Affecting the Selection

Appropriate Project Delivery Method

of

the

Sameh Monir El-Sayegh

Fifth LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean
Conference for Engineering and Technology, Tampico, Mxico,
2007

Realized Economic Efficiency of Road Project Delivery

Systems
Tiina Koppinen and Pertti Lahdenper
Journal of Infrastructure Systems, Vol. 13, No. 4,
December 1, 2007. ASCE, ISSN 1076-0342/2007/4-321329

LITERATURE1
Paper name

Factors governing construction project

delivery selection: A content analysis

Researcher

Maoshan Qiang, Qi Wen, Hanchen Jiang,

Shangnan Yuan

Publication

International Journal of Project

Management JPMA-01788; No of Pages 15,
Elsevier, Science direct

Year

July 2015

Keywords

Construction project; Project delivery

system; Key governing factors; Content

ESSENTIAL
NOTES
Identifying factors governing project delivery system (PDS)
selection is crucial for construction projects.
This paper aims at constructing a holistic system of
governing factors.
Representative papers in Chinese and developed countries'
literature on PDS selection were taken as the representation of
practitioners' perspectives for factor selection system.
Principal component analysis was employed to identify key
factors.
Paired sample T tests were performed to compare the Relative
importance of factors and trim the system.

CONCLUSION
The present study mirrors the perspective differences
Quantitatively, provides basis for the Chinese characteristics of
PDS in Chinese projects, and gives suggestions for Chinese
practitioners on updating their management philosophy to
better adapt to the market economy environment.
The results show that three groups of factors, namely, internal
project conditions, external project conditions and
project performance objective factors are the main factors
governing PDS selection.
The empirical method proposed in this study is relatively
unique.

LITERATURE2
Paper name

Investigating Selection Methods For

Construction Project Delivery System
Based on Professionals Perspective in
Qatar

Researcher
M. Riaz , S. R. A. Jaffery
Publication
4th Construction Specialty Conference,
Montral, Qubec.
Year
May 29 to June 1, 2013

ESSENTIAL
NOTES
The purpose of this study is to understand various
decision making challenges faced by owners,
pertinent factors and available PDSSMs; and to
propose an appropriate decision making framework in
Qatar.
A survey was conducted to investigate various process
used for selection of PDS in Qatar involving 48
professionals.
Based on the feedback and literature review, a set of
relevant factors affecting decision making processes was
identified.
Finally, based on observations and evaluations a systematic
simplified theoretical two tier decision making
framework was proposed, based on either weighted
matrix or multi-attribute analysis.
9

10

Decision Making Framework for

Choosing PDS

11

CONCLUSION
Based on the extensive review of literature, this research
categorizes PDSs into four major groups i.e., DBB, DB, CMR
and IPD.
This study investigated insight of Qatar industry professionals to
form ranking metrics for degree of importance of pertinent
factors in terms of their effect on decisions.
The study also highlights the lack of knowledge, undefined
project objectives and bureaucratic organizational
behaviour, as prevalent key barriers in adopting systematic
frameworks for decision making in Qatar.
It acts as a facilitating tool for industry practitioners.

12

LITERATURE
-3
Paper name

Factors Influencing Integrated Project

Delivery In Publicly Owned Projects: An
Information Modelling Perspective

Researcher

Nida Azhara, Youngcheol Kanga and

Irtishad U. Ahmada

Publication

Fourth International Symposium on

Infrastructure Engineering in Developing
Countries, IEDC, Procedia Engineering 77
( 2014 ) 213 221, Elsevier, Science direct

Year

2014

Keywords

Integrated project delivery; Building

information modelling; Public owners.

13

ESSENTIAL
NOTES
Concept of IPD and its key characteristics are broadly
discussed in this paper.
The main objective is to underline the legal, organizational
and
technological
factors
influencing
the
implementation of integrated project delivery (IPD) in
public sector construction projects.
Main Focus is placed on the aspects of information
modelling that can contribute to implementation of integrated
project delivery.
This study highlights the proposed benefits of BIM in
achieving IPD characteristics and easing the implementation
barriers of IPD using BIM.

14

15

 Key IPD characteristics and descriptions

Characteristics

Description

Early involvement
of key participants

Involving the team including designer, constructor and trade

contractors right from the beginning of the project to help the
owners to crystallize the projects goals and objectives from
very early on and collaborate throughout the project.

Shared risk and

reward

Participating team members mutually shares the benefit of

achieving project targets and simultaneously bears the risk of
missing the targeted cost (schedule and quality).

Multi-party contract The parties sign a single integrated agreement that clearly sets
defines the role and responsibilities of all team members.

Collaborative
decision-making
and control

The parties need to agree upon a clear and specific set of

criteria for decision-making and control of project, which can be
established according to the owners goal for the project.

Liability waivers
among
key participants

Contracted parties waive any claim amongst themselves

except for in the instance of a wilful default to reinforce the
sense of unity and a collaborative environment.

Jointly developed
and validated
project goals

Owner, with the help of the project team clearly defines

achievable goals and benchmarks for measuring them. Risk
and rewards are associated with achieving the set targets.

16

CONCLUSION
Traditional project delivery methods have been found by
researchers as inefficient and litigious.
IPD has emerged as a solution, although its implementation is
not without challenges.
Factors and issues relating IPD are broadly discussed in this
paper.
In order for a project team to implement IPD efficiently, certain
technologies and collaboration and automation capabilities are
required, BIM can act as a Technological catalyst for driving
change.

17

LITERATURE
-4
Paper name

Relative Effectiveness of Project Delivery

and Contract Strategies

Researcher

Adetokunbo A. Oyetunji and Stuart D.

Anderson

Publication

Journal of Construction Engineering and

Management,
Vol. 132, No. 1, ASCE, ISSN 07339364/2006/
1-313

Year

January 2006

Keywords

Project management; Delivery; Decision

making; Contracts; Construction industry.

18

ESSENTIAL NOTES
The decision made in the selection of a project delivery
system for a project impacts all phases of execution of the
project and greatly impacts the efficiency of project execution.
Structured, quantitative decision analysis processes
have been shown to have several benefits over the
simplistic, holistic, and informal processes that typically
characterize subjective evaluations.
Multicriteria decision analysis was found to be the suitable
approach for a quantitative, analytical evaluation of project
delivery systems. Consequently, the quantitative values
presented in this paper were developed in accordance with the
requirements of the multicriteria decision analysis technique
known as simple multi attribute rating technique with
swing weights (SMARTS).
12 project delivery system alternatives and 20 selection factors
were defined for selection prior to quantitative analysis.

19

SMARTS is a six step process:

Step-1 identify the decision to be made
Step-2 Identify alternatives
Step-3 Identify the selection factors
Step-4 Determine the performance (attainment levels) of each
alternative
on the measurement attributes of the selection factors
step-5 Transform the attainment levels to relative values, using
suitable single-attribute value functions
Step-6 Rank the selection factors
The final output of a SMARTS analysis for the selection of an
alternative is the aggregate score derived for each
alternative.

20
Fig. Hierarchical decomposition of hypothetical problem for simple multi attribute rating technique
with swing weights analysis

CONCLUSION
Multi criteria decision analysis was found to be the suitable
approach for a quantitative, analytical evaluation of project
delivery systems.
This process enhances the decision makers insight into the
selection problem and can improve the overall quality of
decision making and project management.
The relative effectiveness values presented in this paper
constitute validated data that can be used in quantitative
analyses towards identifying the optimal delivery system
for a capital industrial or general building project.
Utilizing the quantitative values presented here and applying the
analysis technique of SMARTS, a decision support tool has been
developed and validated for the Construction Industry
Institute.
The decision support tool is presently being utilized by member
companies of the Construction Industry Institute that were privy
to its development.

21

LITERATURE5
Paper name

A framework for development of Lean

Integrated Project Delivery Model for
infrastructure road projects

Researcher

Debasis Sarkar

Publication

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Volume 5, No 3, ISSN 0976 4399

Year
Keywords

2015
Lean integrated project delivery (LIPD),
single purpose entity (SPE), resource
variability, road projects.

22

ESSENTIAL NOTES
Due to increasing complexity of highway projects, there is an
increased
requirement
for
optimized
solutions
and
multidisciplinary teams.
Lean construction extends from the objectives of lean production
system to maximize value, minimize waste and also to reduce
resource variability.
Integrated project delivery systems can provide pragmatic
solutions to the complex project problems. It seeks to improve project
outcomes through a collaborative approach of aligning the incentives
and goals of the project teams through shared risk and reward, early
involvement of all parties, and a multiparty agreement.
This paper is an attempt to develop a framework for integrated
lean project delivery model for national highway projects in
Gujarat, India.
Case study considered for this study is four laning of Ahmedabad
Godhra section of national highway NH-59 from km 4.000 to km
122.420 in the state of Gujarat, India, on Design, Built, Finance,
Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis under National Highways
Development Project (NHDP) Phase III.

23

 The process indicators and control variables were

identified through a primary data questionnaire survey
responded by 35 participants associated with national
highway projects across Gujarat.
52 Control variables for performance measurement of
lean integrated project delivery were identified.
Evaluation of process indicators and control variables was
carried out by statistical methods and finally an evaluation
matrix was developed.
Dependent variables considered for this study included
schedule metrics, cost metrics, quality metrics and safety
metrics.

24

CONCLUSION
The present study examined the associations between
project delivery attributes and project performance outcomes
using Mood median test and SPSS tool.
Cost growth, construction and delivery speed and
recordable injury rate are reliable performance
metrics that can help understand the success of sustainable
project delivery process.
This matrix can help create decision making support
tool for project teams to facilitate the optimum project
delivery process for lean integrated project delivery
(LIPD) systems.
A weighted list of importance for project delivery
attributes can also help project teams to improve their
delivery processes, which would lead to improved project
outcomes for integrated project delivery of highway projects.
25

LITERATUR
E-6
Paper name

Significant Factors Affecting the Selection

of the Appropriate Project Delivery Method

Researcher

Sameh Monir El- Sayegh

Publication

Fifth LACCEI International Latin American

and Caribbean Conference for Engineering
and Technology, Tampico, Mxico.

Year

June 2007

Keywords

Project delivery methods, Construction

Management, UAE Construction Industry,
RII

26

ESSENTIAL NOTES
The choice of the appropriate delivery method is a key
decision that has to be made by owners early in the project
lifecycle. This decision has a great impact on project success.
From literature review, a comprehensive list of twenty one
factors was determined.
These factors are grouped into eight categories: time, cost,
scope, quality, owner organization, cash flow, project
characteristics and risk and relationships factors.
Forty surveys were completed by construction experts
working in the UAE construction industry. Data was collected
using interviews with the experts to ensure that they
understand the factors and to ensure that they will fill the
surveys.
Then data was analysed and the factors ranked according
to their Relative Importance Index (RII).
27

Ranking of factors by RII method

28

CONCLUSION
There are several project delivery methods that owners can
select from in order to deliver their construction projects and
achieve their objectives.
To assist the owner in choosing the appropriate delivery
method, a number of factors affecting it must be considered.
From the result of RII method, research indicated that
quality is the main factor followed by the owners desire
for single project contract, desired level of control,
desire for early estimates and the desire to control cost
growth.
This paper presents the characteristics of the common
project delivery methods and ranking of the factors
affecting the selection process.
29

LITERATUR
E-7
Paper name

Realized Economic Efficiency of Road

Project Delivery Systems

Researcher

Tiina Koppinen and Pertti Lahdenper

Publication

Journal of Infrastructure Systems, Vol. 13,

No. 4, ASCE, ISSN 1076-0342/2007/4-321
329

Year

December 2007

Keywords

Project management; Delivery; Economic

factors; Life cycles.

30

ESSENTIAL NOTES
The number of alternative project delivery methods has
increased making selection of the best one difficult.
To assist in the selection, this research compared the
operating principles and performance of designbidbuild,
construction management, designbuild DB, and designbuild
maintain DBM based on an international interview survey and an
extensive literature review.
The goal of the research was to determine the efficiency of
different PDS.
In order to make this study applicable to a wide range of real
infrastructure projects, total 66 interviewees, who were to
have extensive experience in alternative PDS, were selected
through expert referrals, industry journals and databases, local
road administrators web pages, and referenced articles.
For the cost analysis, costs of two reference projects, which
appeared to have similar cost structures the relative share of
design, construction etc., were collected systematically as the
basis from which the costs of the other PDS were calculated.

31

 The 30-year period was selected because it is a

commonly used concession period in Europe. Time
dimension of PDS was also based on the interviewees
relative estimates of the phase durations when compared to
DBB.
Common client goals were derived based on the
literature survey and test interviews carried out in the
early phases of the research.
The goals were then grouped into following value factors:
cost certainty, time certainty, short cycle times speed, good
quality aesthetics, travelling comfort, minor need of
maintenance, safe and environment-friendly implementation,
flexibility ease by which client can effect changes, smooth
delivery effective communication, no disputes or claims, and
public inconvenience, road availability, minimum user
disturbances.
32

CONCLUSION
The study clearly indicated that broader service packages
can provide concrete benefits to all parties compared to
DBB.
The current economic efficiency of CM is only slightly
higher than that of DBB, while the economic efficiency of
DB is significantly higher than that of DBB.
Thus, it seems that in most projects DB and DBM can meet the
needs and wants of the client better than traditional or CM
project delivery.
DB and DBM, generally, allow the client to generate more
value at lower costs, but the project characteristics and
constraints, and the clients values determine how well their
performance potential can be achieved.

Each method is particularly suitable for specific

projects and should be selected accordingly.

33

Thank You
34