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Circuit Analysis I: Lecture # 8

The document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on circuit theorems. It discusses the linearity property, which states that a circuit's output is directly proportional to its input. It also covers superposition theorem, which allows analyzing a circuit with multiple sources by looking at each source individually and then summing their effects. The document provides examples applying these theorems to calculate voltages and currents in various circuits.

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Ahmed Qazi
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34 views14 pages

Circuit Analysis I: Lecture # 8

The document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on circuit theorems. It discusses the linearity property, which states that a circuit's output is directly proportional to its input. It also covers superposition theorem, which allows analyzing a circuit with multiple sources by looking at each source individually and then summing their effects. The document provides examples applying these theorems to calculate voltages and currents in various circuits.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Qazi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Circuit Analysis I

LECTURE # 8
Chapter 4: Circuit Theorems

Dr. Saeed Abdallah

Chapter 4: Circuit Theorems


4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.8

Motivation.
Linearity Property.
Superposition.
Source Transformation.
Thevenins Theorem.
Nortons Theorem.
Maximum Power Transfer.

Motivation
If you are given the following circuit, are
there any other alternatives to determine
the voltage across 2 resistor?

What are they? And how?


Can you work it out by inspection?

4.2 Linearity Property

It is the property of an element describing a linear


relationship between cause and effect.

A linear circuit is one whose output is linearly related (or


directly proportional) to its input.

Linearity property is a combination of homogeneity and


additivity properties.

Homogeneity (scaling) property


Additive property

4.2 Linearity Property

In a linear circuit, the output is directly proportional to


the input.
A linear circuit consists of only linear elements, linear
dependent sources and independent sources.
Ex: suppose that for
What is the output current for
What is the input voltage for

4.2 Linearity Property


Example 1: find the
current
for

Shows that when source


value doubles,
also
doubles

4.2 Linearity Property


Example 2: Assume
the actual value of

, use linearity to find


in the circuit below:

Superposition Theorem
It states that the voltage across (or current
through) an element in a linear circuit is the
algebraic sum of the voltages across (or currents
through) that element due to EACH independent
source acting alone.
The principle of superposition helps us to analyze a
linear circuit with more than one independent
source by calculating the contribution of each
independent source separately.

4.3 Superposition Theorem


Example 3: We consider the effects of 8A
and 20V one by one, then add the two
effects together for final vo.

4.3 Superposition Theorem


Steps to apply superposition principle
1. Turn off all independent sources except one source. Find
the output (voltage or current) due to that active source
using nodal or mesh analysis.
2. Repeat step 1 for each of the other independent sources.
3. Find the total contribution by adding algebraically all the
contributions due to the independent sources.

4.3 Superposition Theorem


Two things have to be keep in mind:
1.When we say turn off all other independent sources:
Independent voltage sources are replaced by 0 V (short
circuit) and
Independent current sources are replaced by 0 A (open
circuit).
2.Dependent sources are left intact because they are
controlled by circuit variables.

4.3 Superposition Theorem


Example 3: Use the superposition theorem to find v
in the circuit shown below.

3A is discarded
by open-circuit

6V is discarded
by short-circuit

4.3 Superposition Theorem


Example 4: Use superposition to find vx
Dependent source
keep unchanged
10V is discarded
by short-circuit

2A is discarded by
open-circuit
20

10 V

20

v1

(a)

0.1v1

v2

2A

(b)

0.1v2

4.3 Superposition Theorem


Example 5: Use superposition to find io
20V is discarded
by short-circuit

4A is discarded by
open-circuit

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