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Me13A: Chapter Five: Centroids and Centres of Gravity

This document discusses calculating centroids and centers of gravity for homogenous plates and composite objects. It provides equations for determining the x- and y-coordinates of the centroid of an area by taking moments of the area elements about the x- and y-axes. These centroid coordinates (x,y) define the centroidal point C of the entire area. Examples are worked through to illustrate finding centroids of composite objects and beams with distributed loads using integration. Assignments are given to replace distributed loadings with equivalent resultant forces and determine load intensities for equilibrium.

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62 views13 pages

Me13A: Chapter Five: Centroids and Centres of Gravity

This document discusses calculating centroids and centers of gravity for homogenous plates and composite objects. It provides equations for determining the x- and y-coordinates of the centroid of an area by taking moments of the area elements about the x- and y-axes. These centroid coordinates (x,y) define the centroidal point C of the entire area. Examples are worked through to illustrate finding centroids of composite objects and beams with distributed loads using integration. Assignments are given to replace distributed loadings with equivalent resultant forces and determine load intensities for equilibrium.

Uploaded by

keith magaka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME13A: CHAPTER FIVE

CENTROIDS AND
CENTRES OF GRAVITY

5.2. Centroids of Areas


For the homogenous plate: weight of element of plate
w = density x g x volume
Where:
and

= g t A

is density (kg/m3); g = m/s2 ; t = thickness of plate (m);

A is the area of the element, m2.

Also: The weight of the whole plate, W =

g t A

where A is the area of the plate.


Substituting for W and W in moment equations (1) and
dividing by

g t,

We write moment equations for area:


M y : x A x1A1 x2 A2 .... xn An
M x : y A y1A1 y2 A2 .... yn An
U sin g Limits:
xA

x dA,

yA

y dA ...........(3)

The co-ordinates x and y define the co-ordinates of a homogenous plate. The point (x,y)
defines the centroid of the area A of the plate. See Figure 5.3.
y

y
x

5.1

First Moments of Areas

The integral xdA in equation (3) is defined as the first


moment of the area A wrt the y axis and is denoted as Qy: i.e. Qy =
Likewise: along x-axis: Qx =
i.e. Qy =

xdA .

ydA .

And : Qx =

ydA . .

Comparing Equations (3) and (4):


Qy =

A and Qx = y A

i.e. x

= Qy/A

and

x dA
A

y = Qx/A

y dA
A

(4)

xdA .

Examples

Solve Examples Using the method of


integration to locate Centroids.

Centroids of Composite Objects

Centroids of Composite Objects


Contd.

Examples

Solve Examples to Illustrate the centroid of


Composite Objects.

Examples

Solve Examples to illustrate the centroids


of beams with distributed Loads.

1. The column is used to support the floor which exerts a


Assignment
force of 3000 N on top of the column. The effect of soil

pressure along its side is distributed as shown. Replace


this loading by an equivalent resultant force and specify
where it acts along the column, measured from the base A.

Assignment

2. The wall footing is used to support the


column load of 12,000 N. Determine the
intensities w1 and w2 of the distributed loading
acting on the base of the footing for equilibrium.

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