Module 7

IP Routing & OSPF

ENA 12.6: Switch Operation,
Configuration and Management
2011 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved

IP Routing & OSPF

Student Objectives
Define routing interface and IP route tables
Add static entries in the IP route table
Configure IP unicast routing
Verify the IP unicast routing configuration
Understand the ExtremeXOS implementation of OSPF
Configure OSPF within a single area
Verify the configuration and operation of OSPF

Slide 2

Module 7

IP Routing Overview
IP Routing & OSPF
ENA 12.6: Switch Operation, Configuration and Management

The Routing Function

How do we determine if the address is local or not?
The answer is the Network Mask
Net ID

Host ID

Senders Address

200

21

100

Receivers Address

200

21

200

The Network ID is the same therefore

the receiver is local
Network Mask

255

255

255

If the Network ID is the same we dont have to route.

We can just forward the packet directly at Layer 2
We are attached to the same physical LAN

The Routing Function

Consider a different receiver address
Net ID

Host ID

Senders Address

200

21

100

Receivers Address

200

21

125

200

The Network ID is different therefore

the receiver is not local
Network Mask

255

255

255

If the NetID is different, the packet has to be routed

We forward the packet to the the Default Gateway for onward routing

IP Routing Process
The IP router (gateway) searches the routing table for the destination
network.
If more than one route exists to the destination network, the router will
choose a particular route based upon priority and metric.
Priority is assigned to the type of route.
By how its learned: Dynamic, Learned, or Static.
By Routing Protocol: OSPF, RIP, BGP, or Other.

Route metric describes the distance of the path to target network.

RIP uses number of hops.
OSPF takes speed of link into account.

Take action
If target network is directly attached, determine destination's hardware address
and deliver.
If target network is not directly attached, but in routing table, forward to next hop.
If target network is not in routing table, forward to default router.
If no default router is configured, reply with network unreachable.
Slide 6

Route Table Priority

SummitX460-24t.1
SummitX460-24t.1
Direct
Direct
MPLS
MPLS
Blackhole
Blackhole
Static
Static
ICMP
ICMP
EBGP
EBGP
IBGP
IBGP
OSPFIntra
OSPFIntra
OSPFInter
OSPFInter
IS-IS
IS-IS
IS-IS
IS-IS L1
L1
IS-IS
IS-IS L2
L2
RIP
RIP
OSPFAsExt
OSPFAsExt
OSPF
OSPF External
External 1
1
OSPF
External
OSPF External 2
2
IS-IS
IS-IS L1
L1 Ext
Ext
IS-IS
IS-IS L2
L2 Ext
Ext
BOOTP
BOOTP
SummitX460-24t.2
SummitX460-24t.2

Slide 7

#
# show
show iproute
iproute priority
priority
10
Local
10
Local interface
interface
20
Multi-Protocol
20
Multi-Protocol Label
Label Switching
Switching
50
Blackhole
route
50
Blackhole route
1100
Static
1100
Static route
route
1200
ICMP
1200
ICMP message
message e.g.
e.g. Route
Route re-directs
re-directs
1700
Exterior
Border
Gateway
1700
Exterior Border Gateway Protocol
Protocol
1900
Interior
1900
Interior Border
Border Gateway
Gateway Protocol
Protocol
2200
OSPF
2200
OSPF inter-area
inter-area route
route
2300
OSPF
2300
OSPF intra-area
intra-area route
route
2350
Intermediate
2350
Intermediate System
System to
to Intermediate
Intermediate System
System
2360
IS-IS
2360
IS-IS Level
Level 1
1 route
route
2370
IS-IS
2370
IS-IS Level
Level 2
2 route
route
2400
Routing
2400
Routing Information
Information Protocol
Protocol
3100
OSPF
3100
OSPF Autonomous
Autonomous System
System external
external route
route
3200
OSPF
AS
external
type
1
3200
OSPF AS external type 1 route
route
3300
OSPF
3300
OSPF AS
AS external
external type
type 2
2 route
route
3400
IS-IS
Level
1
external
3400
IS-IS Level 1 external route
route
3500
IS-IS
3500
IS-IS Level
Level 2
2 external
external route
route
5000
Boot
Protocol
route
5000
Boot Protocol route
#
#

show iproute
priority
The display includes:
Route origin
Priority

The lower number

indicates higher
priority

Static Routes
Manually entered routes used to
reach unadvertised networks
The gateway address needs to
match a VLAN subnet for the
route to be added
configure iproute add
<network_addr> <netmask>
<gateway> [<metric>]

To verify the routing table:

show iproute

SummitX460-24t.2
SummitX460-24t.2 #
#
*
* SummitX460-24t.3
SummitX460-24t.3
*
* SummitX460-24t.4
SummitX460-24t.4
*
* SummitX460-24t.5
SummitX460-24t.5
*
* SummitX460-24t.6
SummitX460-24t.6
*
* SummitX460-24t.7
SummitX460-24t.7
Ori
Ori Destination
Destination
#d
10.1.1.0/24
#d
10.1.1.0/24
#d
10.1.2.0/24
#d
10.1.2.0/24
#s
10.1.3.0/24
#s
10.1.3.0/24

create
create vlan
vlan network1
network1
#
# create
create vlan
vlan network2
network2
#
# configure
configure vlan
vlan network1
network1 ipaddress
ipaddress 10.1.1.1/24
10.1.1.1/24
#
configure
vlan
network2
ipaddress
# configure vlan network2 ipaddress 10.1.2.1/24
10.1.2.1/24
#
# configure
configure iproute
iproute add
add 10.1.3.0/24
10.1.3.0/24 10.1.2.2
10.1.2.2
#
# show
show iproute
iproute
Gateway
Mtr
VLAN
Gateway
Mtr Flags
Flags
VLAN
10.1.1.1
1
U------um--f
10.1.1.1
1
U------um--f network1
network1
10.1.2.1
1
U------um--f
10.1.2.1
1
U------um--f network2
network2
10.1.2.2
1
UG---S-um--f
10.1.2.2
1
UG---S-um--f network2
network2

Origin(Ori):
Origin(Ori): (b)
(b) BlackHole,
BlackHole, (be)
(be) EBGP,
EBGP, (bg)
(bg) BGP,
BGP, (bi)
(bi) IBGP,
IBGP, (bo)
(bo) BOOT
BOOT
(ct)
CBT,
(d)
Direct,
(df)
DownIF,
(dv)
DVMRP,
(e1)
(ct) CBT, (d) Direct, (df) DownIF, (dv) DVMRP, (e1) ISISL
ISISL
(e2)
(e2) ISISL2Ext,
ISISL2Ext, (h)
(h) Hardcoded,
Hardcoded, (i)
(i) ICMP,
ICMP, (i1)
(i1) ISISL1
ISISL1 (i2)
(i2)
(is)
(is) ISIS,
ISIS, (mb)
(mb) MBGP,
MBGP, (mbe)
(mbe) MBGPExt,
MBGPExt, (mbi)
(mbi) MBGPInter,
MBGPInter, (mp
(mp
(mo)
(mo) MOSPF
MOSPF (o)
(o) OSPF,
OSPF, (o1)
(o1) OSPFExt1,
OSPFExt1, (o2)
(o2) OSPFExt2
OSPFExt2
(oa)
(oa) OSPFIntra,
OSPFIntra, (oe)
(oe) OSPFAsExt,
OSPFAsExt, (or)
(or) OSPFInter,
OSPFInter,
(r)
(r) RIP,
RIP, (ra)
(ra) RtAdvrt,
RtAdvrt, (s)
(s) Static,
Static, (sv)
(sv) SLB_VIP,
SLB_VIP, (un)
(un) UnK
UnK
(*)
Preferred
unicast
route
(@)
Preferred
multicast
(*) Preferred unicast route (@) Preferred multicast route
route
(#)
(#) Preferred
Preferred unicast
unicast and
and multicast
multicast route
route
*
* SummitX460-24t.8
SummitX460-24t.8 #
#

Static routes never age out of the

routing table

Router B

Router A
Network 1
10.1.1.0/24
Slide 8

This Switch

Network 2
10.1.2.0/24

Remote Switch

Network 3
10.1.3.0/24

The Default Route

Static route used to reach all other
*
networks:
* SummitX460-24t.9
SummitX460-24t.9 #
# configure
configure iproute
iproute add
add default
default 10.1.2.2
10.1.2.2
* SummitX460-24t.10 # show iproute
configure iproute add
default <gateway> [<metric>]

To verify the routing table:

show iproute

The default route (gateway) is the

router of last resort

* SummitX460-24t.10 # show iproute

Ori
Gateway
Ori Destination
Destination
Gateway
#s
Default
Route
10.1.2.2
#s
Default Route
10.1.2.2
#d
10.1.1.0/24
10.1.1.1
#d
10.1.1.0/24
10.1.1.1
#d
10.1.2.0/24
10.1.2.1
#d
10.1.2.0/24
10.1.2.1
#s
10.1.3.0/24
10.1.2.2
#s
10.1.3.0/24
10.1.2.2

Slide 9

This Switch

Flags
Flags
UG---S-um--f
UG---S-um--f
U------um--f
U------um--f
U------um--f
U------um--f
UG---S-um--f
UG---S-um--f

VLAN
VLAN
network2
network2
network1
network1
network2
network2
network2
network2

Origin(Ori):
Origin(Ori): (b)
(b) BlackHole,
BlackHole, (be)
(be) EBGP,
EBGP, (bg)
(bg) BGP,
BGP, (bi)
(bi) IBGP,
IBGP, (bo)
(bo) BOOT
BOOT
(ct)
CBT,
(d)
Direct,
(df)
DownIF,
(dv)
DVMRP,
(e1)
(ct) CBT, (d) Direct, (df) DownIF, (dv) DVMRP, (e1) ISISL
ISISL
(e2)
(e2) ISISL2Ext,
ISISL2Ext, (h)
(h) Hardcoded,
Hardcoded, (i)
(i) ICMP,
ICMP, (i1)
(i1) ISISL1
ISISL1 (i2)
(i2)
(is)
(is) ISIS,
ISIS, (mb)
(mb) MBGP,
MBGP, (mbe)
(mbe) MBGPExt,
MBGPExt, (mbi)
(mbi) MBGPInter,
MBGPInter, (mp
(mp
(mo)
(mo) MOSPF
MOSPF (o)
(o) OSPF,
OSPF, (o1)
(o1) OSPFExt1,
OSPFExt1, (o2)
(o2) OSPFExt2
OSPFExt2
(oa)
(oa) OSPFIntra,
OSPFIntra, (oe)
(oe) OSPFAsExt,
OSPFAsExt, (or)
(or) OSPFInter,
OSPFInter,
(r)
(r) RIP,
RIP, (ra)
(ra) RtAdvrt,
RtAdvrt, (s)
(s) Static,
Static, (sv)
(sv) SLB_VIP,
SLB_VIP, (un)
(un) UnK
UnK
(*)
Preferred
unicast
route
(@)
Preferred
multicast
(*) Preferred unicast route (@) Preferred multicast route
route
(#)
(#) Preferred
Preferred unicast
unicast and
and multicast
multicast route
route
*
* SummitX460-24t.11
SummitX460-24t.11 #
#

Router B

Router A
Network 1
10.1.1.0/24

Mtr
Mtr
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Network 2
10.1.2.0/24

Remote Switch

any net

Dynamic Routes
Reachable routes learned through
a routing protocol e.g. RIP, OSPF, *Ori
* SummitX460-24t.12
SummitX460-24t.12 #
# show
show iproute
iproute
Gateway
Ori Destination
Destination
Gateway
#s
Default
10.1.2.2
#s
Default Route
Route
10.1.2.2
IS-IS, or BGP
#d
10.1.1.0/24
10.1.1.1
Configuring the OSPF routing protocol is
discussed in the next section

To verify the routing table:

show iproute

Dynamic routes are aged out

when an update is not received
for a period of time based on the
routing protocol

#d
#d
#d
#r
#r

10.1.1.0/24
10.1.2.0/24
10.1.2.0/24
10.1.3.0/24
10.1.3.0/24

Slide 10

This Switch

Flags
Flags
UG---S-um--f
UG---S-um--f
U------um--f
U------um--f
U------um--f
U------um--f
UG---S-um--f
UG---S-um--f

VLAN
VLAN
network2
network2
network1
network1
network2
network2
network2
network2

Origin(Ori):
Origin(Ori): (b)
(b) BlackHole,
BlackHole, (be)
(be) EBGP,
EBGP, (bg)
(bg) BGP,
BGP, (bi)
(bi) IBGP,
IBGP, (bo)
(bo) BOOT
BOOT
(ct)
CBT,
(d)
Direct,
(df)
DownIF,
(dv)
DVMRP,
(e1)
(ct) CBT, (d) Direct, (df) DownIF, (dv) DVMRP, (e1) ISISL
ISISL
(e2)
(e2) ISISL2Ext,
ISISL2Ext, (h)
(h) Hardcoded,
Hardcoded, (i)
(i) ICMP,
ICMP, (i1)
(i1) ISISL1
ISISL1 (i2)
(i2)
(is)
ISIS,
(mb)
MBGP,
(mbe)
MBGPExt,
(mbi)
MBGPInter,
(is) ISIS, (mb) MBGP, (mbe) MBGPExt, (mbi) MBGPInter, (mp
(mp
(mo)
(mo) MOSPF
MOSPF (o)
(o) OSPF,
OSPF, (o1)
(o1) OSPFExt1,
OSPFExt1, (o2)
(o2) OSPFExt2
OSPFExt2
(oa)
(oa) OSPFIntra,
OSPFIntra, (oe)
(oe) OSPFAsExt,
OSPFAsExt, (or)
(or) OSPFInter,
OSPFInter,
(r)
RIP,
(ra)
RtAdvrt,
(s)
Static,
(r) RIP, (ra) RtAdvrt, (s) Static, (sv)
(sv) SLB_VIP,
SLB_VIP, (un)
(un) UnK
UnK
(*)
(*) Preferred
Preferred unicast
unicast route
route (@)
(@) Preferred
Preferred multicast
multicast route
route
(#)
(#) Preferred
Preferred unicast
unicast and
and multicast
multicast route
route
*
* SummitX460-24t.13
SummitX460-24t.13 #
#

Router B

Router A
Network 1
10.1.1.0/24

10.1.1.1
10.1.2.1
10.1.2.1
10.1.2.2
10.1.2.2

Mtr
Mtr
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2

Network 2
10.1.2.0/24

Remote Switch

Network 3
10.1.3.0/24

Policy Routes
Routes that over-ride the standard
entry
route lookup process
entry redirect_web
redirect_web {
{
if {
Standard IP routing uses the destination
network address when looking up routes
in the routing table

Policy routes can perform a lookup on IP

header information e.g.:

}
}

if {
protocol
protocol tcp;
tcp;
destination-port
destination-port 80;
80;
}
} then
then {
{
redirect
redirect 10.1.2.3;
10.1.2.3;
}
}

Destination IP Address and mask

Source Address IP address and mask
TCP source and/or destination port
UDP source and/or destination port

Applied using ACLs

Router C
Web Traffic

Network 1
10.1.1.0/24
Slide 11

Router A
This Switch

Redirect Switch
10.1.2.3

Network 2
10.1.2.0/24

Network 4
10.1.4.0/24

Router B
Remote Switch

Network 3
10.1.3.0/24

Configuring IP Routing
Create and configure VLANs:
create vlan <vlan name>
configure vlan <vlan name>
add ports <portlist>
configure vlan <vlan name>
ipaddress <ipaddr> <mask>

Enable IP Routing (Forwarding):

enable ipforwarding

Add a default route (if required):

configure iproute add
default <netmask> <gateway>

Verify IP Routing:
show vlan

Slide 12

SummitX460-24t.1
SummitX460-24t.1 #
# create
create vlan
vlan network1
network1
*
* SummitX460-24t.2
SummitX460-24t.2 #
# create
create vlan
vlan network2
network2
*
* SummitX460-24t.3
SummitX460-24t.3 #
# configure
configure vlan
vlan network1
network1 add
add port
port 24
24
*
SummitX460-24t.4
#
configure
vlan
network2
add
port
* SummitX460-24t.4 # configure vlan network2 add port 13
13
*
* SummitX460-24t.5
SummitX460-24t.5 #
# configure
configure vlan
vlan network1
network1 ipaddress
ipaddress 10.1.1.1/24
10.1.1.1/24
*
* SummitX460-24t.6
SummitX460-24t.6 #
# configure
configure vlan
vlan network2
network2 ipaddress
ipaddress 10.1.2.1/24
10.1.2.1/24
*
* SummitX460-24t.7
SummitX460-24t.7 #
# enable
enable ipforwarding
ipforwarding
*
* SummitX460-24t.8
SummitX460-24t.8 #
# configure
configure iproute
iproute add
add default
default 10.1.2.2
10.1.2.2
*
SummitX460-24t.9
#
show
vlan
* SummitX460-24t.9 # show vlan
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name
VID
Flags
Proto
Name
VID Protocol
Protocol Addr
Addr
Flags
Proto Po
Po

Ac
Ac
/T
/T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Default
1
-----------------------------------0
Default
1
------------------------------------ ANY
ANY
0 /0
/0
Mgmt
4095
-----------------------------------ANY
1
Mgmt
4095 ------------------------------------ ANY
1 /1
/1
network1
4094
/24
1
network1
4094 10.1.1.1
10.1.1.1
/24 -f---------------f--------------- ANY
ANY
1 /1
/1
network2
4093
/24
1
network2
4093 10.1.2.1
10.1.2.1
/24 -f---------------f--------------- ANY
ANY
1 /1
/1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Flags
Flags :
: (B)
(B) BFD
BFD Enabled,
Enabled, (c)
(c) 802.1ad
802.1ad customer
customer VLAN,
VLAN, (C)
(C) EAPS
EAPS Control
Control VL
VL
(d)
(d) NetLogin
NetLogin Dynamically
Dynamically created
created VLAN,
VLAN, (D)
(D) VLAN
VLAN Admin
Admin Disabled,
Disabled,
(E)
(E) ESRP
ESRP Enabled,
Enabled, (f)
(f) IP
IP Forwarding
Forwarding Enabled,
Enabled,
(F)
Learning
Disabled,
(i)
(F) Learning Disabled, (i) ISIS
ISIS Enabled,
Enabled, (L)
(L) Loopback
Loopback Enabled,
Enabled,
(l)
(l) MPLS
MPLS Enabled,
Enabled, (m)
(m) IPmc
IPmc Forwarding
Forwarding Enabled,
Enabled,
(M)
(M) Translation
Translation Member
Member VLAN
VLAN or
or Subscriber
Subscriber VLAN,
VLAN,
(n)
IP
Multinetting
Enabled,
(N)
(n) IP Multinetting Enabled, (N) Network
Network Login
Login VLAN,
VLAN, (o)
(o) OSPF
OSPF E
E
(O)
(O) Flooding
Flooding Disabled,
Disabled, (p)
(p) PIM
PIM Enabled,
Enabled, (P)
(P) EAPS
EAPS protected
protected VLAN
VLAN
(r)
(r) RIP
RIP Enabled,
Enabled, (R)
(R) Sub-VLAN
Sub-VLAN IP
IP Range
Range Configured,
Configured,
(s)
Sub-VLAN,
(S)
Super-VLAN,
(t)
(s) Sub-VLAN, (S) Super-VLAN, (t) Translation
Translation VLAN
VLAN or
or Network
Network V
V
(T)
Member
of
STP
Domain,
(V)
VPLS
Enabled,
(v)
VRRP
Enabled,
(T) Member of STP Domain, (V) VPLS Enabled, (v) VRRP Enabled,
Total
Total number
number of
of VLAN(s)
VLAN(s) :
: 4
4

Lab 8 IP Routing Lab using Static Routes

This lab provides you with hands-on experience to create
router interfaces, enable IP forwarding, configure multiple
static routes, and verify the routing functionality.

Lab Group PC
Lab Data
192.168.1X.10
1
dataX
192.168.1X.11
1

uplinkX
10.1.X0.1

X
routetarget
9.9.9.9

CoreSwitch
-A

Slide 13

uplinkX
10.1.X0.11
SwitchX

Module 7

OSPF Overview
IP Routing & OSPF
ENA 12.6: Switch Operation, Configuration and Management

Identifying OSPF Components

1234-

Internet
ASBR

Backbone Area
Normal Area
Stub Area
Not-So-Stubby Area

2
ABR

RIP Cloud

Area
1.0.0.0

ABR
ABR

Default Route

Area
0.0.0.0
Area
2.0.0.0

Slide 15

ASBR

Area
3.0.0.0

OSPF Router and Network Types

Internal Router (IR)
Has all of its interfaces within the same area

Area Border Router (ABR)

Has interfaces connected to more than one area
Responsible for generating summary advertisements if configured

Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR)

Acts as a gateway between OSPF and other routing protocols
Responsible for generating AS-external advertisements

OSPF network types:

Broadcast networks (e.g. Ethernet)
Point-to-point networks
Non-Broadcast Multi-Access (NBMA) networks
Point-to-multipoint networks
Slide 16

Designated Router Types

Designated Router (DR)
Listens for LSAs on all designated routers multicast address of 224.0.0.6
Transmits network LSA to other routers on 224.0.0.5
Ensures that all routers on that network have the same synchronized
LSBD

Backup Designated Router (BDR)

Listens for LSAs via all designated routers multicast address of 224.0.0.6
Ensures quick failover if the designated router is no longer reachable

Other OSPF routers

Transmits LSAs to DR and BDR using 224.0.0.6
Listens for network LSAs on 224.0.0.5

No DR/BDR elected on point-to-point or point-tomultipoint networks

Slide 17

Designated Router Election

The DR and BDR are normally
the first and second routers
powered up.
If the DR fails, the BDR
immediately becomes the DR
and a new BDR is elected.
If an election is required, the router
with the highest configured router
priority is elected the DR or BDR.
A router with the priority of 0 is
never elected DR or BDR.
Router priority is configured on a
per interface basis.
The DR is elected by the Hello
protocol.

Slide 18

P10 / DR

P1 / R

P3 / R

P8 / BDR

P1 / R

P4 / R

P5 / DR

P2 / R

P0 / R

P3 / BDR

Link State Advertisement (LSA)

LSAs are transmitted by every
OSPF router when neighbor
adjacency is established
If there is a topology change,
LSAs are updated
The router (R4) sends the update to
all adjacent neighbors (R2 & R3)
It is flooded hop by hop through the
area.

A routers self-originating LSA is

retransmitted every 30 minutes
This occurs even if there is no
topology change

LSAs are stored in the router link

state database (LSDB)

Slide 19

R1

R3

R2

Area
1.0.0.0

R4

OSPF LSA Types

Type 1: Router LSA
Generated by each router, describes the router links.

Type 2: Network LSA

Generated by the designated router, describes the broadcast network.

Type 3: Summary Network LSA

Generated by the ABR, describes the networks in the other areas.

Type 4: Summary ASBR LSA

Generated by the ABR, describes existing ASBRs.

Type 5: AS-external LSA

Generated by the ASBR, describes networks in other routing domains.

Type 7: NSSA LSA

Generated by the ASBR, describes networks in other routing domains, sent in
NSSAs instead of Type 5 LSAs.
Slide 20

Building The Shortest Path Tree

R1

Link Cost

10

Net #2

10

10

Net #3

10

10

R2
10

R4

10

10

10

R5
10

Net #4
10

R3
Building the Routing Table for Router 1
Network

Next Hop Router

Metric

Network #1

Router #5

20

Network #2

Direct

Network #3

Direct

Network #4

Router #2

20

Network #5

Router #4

20

Slide 21

10

Net #5

Net #1

How OSPF Operates

Use of IP multicast packets (224.0.0.5 and 224.0.0.6)
Neighbor discovery and Hello packet exchange
DR election occurs
Initialize LSDB via LSA exchange
Synchronize LSDBs and update LSAs through reliable flooding
Calculate and build the routing table
R1
Forwarding and
routing occurs

R3

R2

R4

Synchronization
Slide 22

Link State
Database

Shortest Path First Tree

Routing
Table

OSPF Router Neighbor Discovery

Hello packets are transmitted
through each OSPF enabled
interface
Hello interval is 10 seconds by default
Routers learn about neighbors when on
receiving Hello packets

R3

R4

Neighbors state is maintained until

no Hello packets are received
within a defined period

hello
R2

Router dead interval

Usually 4 x Hello interval

hello

40 seconds by default

Neighbors establish an adjacency

if DR or BDR are involved;
otherwise, they remain in a so
called two-way state.
Slide 23

R1

OSPF Hello Packets

Hello packets contain the following
information:
Router ID
Area ID*
R2

Hello/Dead Timer*
Router Priority
Designated Router
Backup Designated Router

R2 hello

Neighbor List
Authentication*
Stub/NSSA Flag*
Subnetwork mask*
Information indicated with an * need to be
identical in order to form adjacencies

The OSPF link is bidirectional

An OSPF router does not forward data packets
over an unidirectional link.
Slide 24

R1 hello

R1

Populating the Routing Table

The OSPF routes become added to the routing table after:
All OSPF routers establish neighbor adjacency
Router LSDBs are fully synchronized
Shortest-path trees are constructed.

R1

R3

R2

R4

Synchronization

Slide 25

Link State
Database

Shortest Path First Tree

Routing
Table

LSDB Initial Synchronization

When two neighbors first start communicating, they must
synchronize their databases before forwarding traffic over their
shared link to prevent routing loops from occurring.
With neighbor adjacency established, routers exchange LSAs and
store them in their LSDBs.
When all router LSDBs contain identical LSAs, they are said to be
fully synchronized.
R1

R2

Synchronize Databases
LSDB-1

Slide 26

LSDB-2

Module 7

Configuring OSPF
IP Routing & OSPF
ENA 12.6: Switch Operation, Configuration and Management

Configuring a OSPF (Single Area)

Create and configure VLANs
Enable IP Forwarding
Enable OSPF on point to point
VLANs (inter-switch links):
configure ospf add vlan
<vlan> area 0.0.0.0
link-type point-to-point

Enable OSPF on end-user VLANs:

configure ospf add vlan
<vlan> area 0.0.0.0 passive

Configure a Router ID:

configure ospf routerid
<router-identifier>

Enable OSPF globally:

enable ospf
Slide 28

SummitX460-24t.1
SummitX460-24t.1 #
#
to-point
to-point
*
* SummitX460-24t.2
SummitX460-24t.2
*
* SummitX460-24t.3
SummitX460-24t.3
*
* SummitX460-24t.4
SummitX460-24t.4
*
* SummitX460-24t.5
SummitX460-24t.5

configure
configure ospf
ospf add
add vlan
vlan network2
network2 area
area 0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0 link
link
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#

configure
configure ospf
ospf
configure
configure ospf
ospf
enable
enable ospf
ospf

add
add vlan
vlan
routerid
routerid

network1
network1 area
area 0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0 pa
pa
1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1

Verifying OSPF (Single Area)

To verify the OSPF enabled
VLANs:
show vlan

To verify OSPF globally:

show ospf

To verify OSPF interfaces:

show ospf interfaces

To verify OSPF adjacencies:

show ospf neighbor

*
* SummitX460-24t.5
SummitX460-24t.5 #
# show
show vlan
vlan
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name
VID
Addr
Flags
Proto P
P
-Name
VID Protocol
Protocol Addr
Flags
Proto
Virtual
Virtual
Ac
Ac
/T
/T
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Default
1
---------------------------------ANY
0 /0
/0
-Default
1
---------------------------------- ANY
0
Default
Default
Mgmt
4095
ANY
1 /1
/1
Mgmt
4095 ------------------------------------------------------------------- ANY
1

network1
4094
/24 -f------o----1
network1
4094 10.1.1.1
10.1.1.1
/24
-f------o----- ANY
ANY
1 /1
/1
Default
Default
network2
4093
/24 -f------o----1
network2
4093 10.1.2.1
10.1.2.1
/24
-f------o----- ANY
ANY
1 /1
/1
Default
Default
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Flags
Flags :
: (f)
(f) IP
IP Forwarding
Forwarding Enabled,
Enabled,
(o)
(o) OSPF
OSPF Enabled,
Enabled,
Total
: 4
4
Total number
number of
of VLAN(s)
VLAN(s) :
*
SummitX460-24t.6
#
show
* SummitX460-24t.6 # show ospf
ospf
OSPF
:
MPLS
OSPF
: Enabled
Enabled
MPLS LSP
LSP as
as Next-Hop:
Next-Hop: No
No
RouterId
:
10.1.2.1
RouterId
Selection
RouterId
: 10.1.2.1
RouterId Selection :
: Automati
Automati
ASBR
:
ABR
: No
No
ASBR
: No
No
ABR
:
............
............
*
* SummitX460-24t.7
SummitX460-24t.7 #
# show
show ospf
ospf interfaces
interfaces
VLAN
IP
Address
AREA
Flags
Cost
VLAN
IP Address
AREA ID
ID
Flags
Cost State
State
network1
10.1.1.1
/24
0.0.0.0
prif4/A
network1
10.1.1.1
/24 0.0.0.0
prif4/A DR
DR
network2
10.1.2.1
/24 0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
-rif4/A P2P
network2
10.1.2.1
/24
-rif4/A
P2P
Flags
Flags :
: f
f - Interface
Interface Forwarding
Forwarding
n
n - Multinetted
Multinetted VLAN,
VLAN, p
p
r
Router
OSPF
Enable,
r - Router OSPF Enable,
Total
2
Total number
number of
of interfaces:
interfaces: 2
*
* SummitX460-24t.8
SummitX460-24t.8
Neighbor
Pri
Neighbor ID
ID
Pri
Interface
Interface
2.2.2.2
1
2.2.2.2
1
network2
network2

Slide 29

Enabled,
i - Interface
Interface OSPF
OSPF Enabled,
Enabled,
Enabled, i
- Passive
Passive Interface,
Interface,

#
# show
show ospf
ospf neighbor
neighbor
State
Up/Dead
State
Up/Dead Time
Time

Address
Address

FULL
FULL

10.1.2.2
10.1.2.2

/DROTHER
/DROTHER

00:00:06:28/00:00:00:03
00:00:06:28/00:00:00:03

Total
neighbors in
in Full
Full state)
state)
Total number
number of
of neighbors:
neighbors: 1
1 (All
(All neighbors

Configuring a OSPF (Multiple Area)

Create an OSPF area(s):
create ospf area <area-id>

Add VLANs to backbone area:

configure ospf add vlan
<vlan> area 0.0.0.0

Add VLANs to other areas:

configure ospf add vlan
<vlan> area <area-id>

Configure a Router ID:

configure ospf routerid
<router-identifier>

Enable OSPF globally:

enable ospf

Slide 30

SummitX460-24t.1
SummitX460-24t.1 #
#
*
* SummitX460-24t.2
SummitX460-24t.2
point-to-point
point-to-point
*
* SummitX460-24t.3
SummitX460-24t.3
*
* SummitX460-24t.4
SummitX460-24t.4
*
* SummitX460-24t.5
SummitX460-24t.5
*
* SummitX460-24t.6
SummitX460-24t.6

create
create ospf
ospf
#
# configure
configure
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#

area
area
ospf
ospf

configure
configure ospf
ospf
configure
configure ospf
ospf
enable
enable ospf
ospf

1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1
add
add vlan
vlan network2
network2 area
area 0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0 li
li
add
add vlan
vlan
routerid
routerid

network1
network1 area
area 1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1 pa
pa
1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1

Verifying OSPF (Multiple Area)

To verify OSPF interfaces are in
the correct area:
show ospf interfaces

To verify the router is now an

ABR:
show ospf

To verify the routing table

contains OSPF routes:
show iproute origin ospf

*
* SummitX460-24t.7
SummitX460-24t.7 #
# show
show
VLAN
IP
VLAN
IP Address
Address
network1
10.1.1.1
network1
10.1.1.1
network2
10.1.2.1
network2
10.1.2.1
Flags
Flags :
: f
f
n
n
r
r

ospf
ospf interfaces
interfaces
AREA
AREA ID
ID
/24 1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1
/24
/24 0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
/24

Interface
Interface Forwarding
Forwarding
Multinetted
Multinetted VLAN,
VLAN, p
p
Router
OSPF
Enable,
Router OSPF Enable,

Flags
Flags
prifprif-rif-rif-

Cost
Cost
4/A
4/A
4/A
4/A

State
State
DR
DR
P2P
P2P

Enabled,
i - Interface
Interface OSPF
OSPF Enabled,
Enabled,
Enabled, i
Passive
Interface,
- Passive Interface,

Total
2
Total number
number of
of interfaces:
interfaces: 2
*
SummitX460-24t.8
#
show
ospf
* SummitX460-24t.8 # show ospf
OSPF
OSPF
RouterId
RouterId
ASBR
ASBR
ExtLSA
ExtLSA
OriginateNewLSA
OriginateNewLSA
SpfHoldTime
SpfHoldTime
CapabilityOpaqueLSA
CapabilityOpaqueLSA
10M
10M Cost
Cost
1000M
1000M Cost
Cost (1G)
(1G)
Router
Router Alert
Alert
ASExternal
ASExternal LSALimit
LSALimit
Originate
Originate Default
Default
........
........

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Enabled
Enabled
10.1.2.1
10.1.2.1
No
No
0
0
11
11
3
3
Enabled
Enabled
10
10
4
4
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled

MPLS
MPLS LSP
LSP as
as Next-Hop:
Next-Hop:
RouterId
Selection
RouterId Selection :
:
ABR
:
ABR
:
ExtLSAChecksum
:
ExtLSAChecksum
:
ReceivedNewLSA
:
ReceivedNewLSA
:
Lsa
Batch
Interval
:
Lsa Batch Interval :

No
No
Automati
Automati
Yes
Yes
0x0
0x0
2
2
30s
30s

100M
Cost
100M Cost
10000M
Cost (10G)
(10G)
10000M Cost
Import
Policy File
File
Import Policy
Timeout
(Count)
Timeout (Count)

5
5
2
2

*
* SummitX460-24t.9
SummitX460-24t.9 #
# show
show iproute
iproute origin
origin ospf
ospf
Ori
Destination
Gateway
Mtr Flags
Ori Destination
Gateway
Mtr
Flags
#oa
10.1.2.2
20
UG-D---um--f
#oa 10.1.3.0/24
10.1.3.0/24
10.1.2.2
20
UG-D---um--f

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Disabled
Disabled

VLAN
VLAN
network2
network2

Origin(Ori):(mo)
OSPFExt1, (o2)
(o2) OSPFExt2
OSPFExt2
Origin(Ori):(mo) MOSPF
MOSPF (o)
(o) OSPF,
OSPF, (o1)
(o1) OSPFExt1,
(oa)
(r)
(oa) OSPFIntra,
OSPFIntra, (oe)
(oe) OSPFAsExt,
OSPFAsExt, (or)
(or) OSPFInter,
OSPFInter, (r)
(*)
Preferred
unicast
route
(@)
Preferred
multicast
(*) Preferred unicast route (@) Preferred multicast
(#)
multicast route
route
(#) Preferred
Preferred unicast
unicast and
and multicast

Slide 31

Du
Du
0d
0d

RIP,
RIP,
route
route

OSPF Global settings and defaults

show ospf

*
* SummitX460-24t.10
SummitX460-24t.10 #
# show
show ospf
ospf
OSPF
:
OSPF
:
RouterId
:
RouterId
:
ASBR
:
ASBR
:
ExtLSA
:
ExtLSA
:
OriginateNewLSA
:
OriginateNewLSA
:
SpfHoldTime
:
SpfHoldTime
:
CapabilityOpaqueLSA
CapabilityOpaqueLSA :
:
10M
:
10M Cost
Cost
:
1000M
:
1000M Cost
Cost (1G)
(1G)
:
Router
:
Router Alert
Alert
:
ASExternal
ASExternal LSALimit
LSALimit :
:
Originate
:
Originate Default
Default
:
Redistribute:
Redistribute:
Protocol
Protocol
direct
direct
static
static
rip
rip
e-bgp
e-bgp
i-bgp
i-bgp
isis-level-1
isis-level-1
isis-level-2
isis-level-2
isis-level-1-external
isis-level-1-external
isis-level-2-external
isis-level-2-external

Enabled
Enabled
10.1.2.1
10.1.2.1
No
No
0
0
11
11
3
3
Enabled
Enabled
10
10
4
4
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Status
Status
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled

cost
cost
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

MPLS
MPLS LSP
LSP as
as Next-Hop:
Next-Hop:
RouterId
Selection
RouterId Selection :
:
ABR
:
ABR
:
ExtLSAChecksum
:
ExtLSAChecksum
:
ReceivedNewLSA
:
ReceivedNewLSA
:
Lsa
Lsa Batch
Batch Interval
Interval :
:

No
No
Automatic
Automatic
Yes
Yes
0x0
0x0
3
3
30s
30s

100M
100M Cost
Cost
10000M
10000M Cost
Cost (10G)
(10G)
Import
Import Policy
Policy File
File
Timeout
Timeout (Count)
(Count)

5
5
2
2

Type
Type
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Tag
Tag
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Policy
Policy
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None

Disabled
Disabled (0)
(0)

The display includes:

Global OSPF state
RouterID
ASBR state
ABR state
Default link costs

Other information not

relevant to this
course:
LSA Settings
Import policy
Originate Default
Route redistribution

Slide 32

IP Routing & OSPF Summary

You should now be able to:
Define routing interface and IP route tables
Add static entries in the IP route table
Configure IP unicast routing
Verify the IP unicast routing configuration.
Understand the ExtremeXOS implementation of OSPF
Configure OSPF within a single area.
Verify the configuration and operation of OSPF.

Slide 33

Lab 9 OSPF Configuration Lab

This lab will guide you through the process of creating
router interfaces, enabling IP forwarding, enabling OSPF,
and verifying the routing functionality.
Lab Group PC

Lab Data
192.168.1X.101
dataX
192.168.1X.11
1
uplinkX
10.1.X0.1

SwitchX
3
upbackupX
10.1.X1.11

routetarget
13
9.9.9.9
CoreSwitch
-A

13
routetarget
9.9.9.10

X
upbackupX
10.1.X1.1
CoreSwitch
-B

Slide 34

uplinkX
10.1.X0.11

 2011 Extreme Networks, Inc.

All rights reserved