Scribd
Upload
90 views17 pages

EE 230: Optical Fiber Communication Lecture 4 Fiber Dispersion

This document discusses fiber dispersion in optical fiber communication. There are four main types of dispersion: modal, material, waveguide, and polarization mode dispersion. Fiber dispersion causes pulses to broaden as they propagate through the fiber due to the fact that different wavelength components of the pulse travel at different speeds. Dispersion-shifted and dispersion-flattened fibers were developed to reduce dispersion effects and allow for higher data rates over longer distances. The document provides examples of dispersion characteristics for different fiber types.

Uploaded by

mofiw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
90 views17 pages

EE 230: Optical Fiber Communication Lecture 4 Fiber Dispersion

This document discusses fiber dispersion in optical fiber communication. There are four main types of dispersion: modal, material, waveguide, and polarization mode dispersion. Fiber dispersion causes pulses to broaden as they propagate through the fiber due to the fact that different wavelength components of the pulse travel at different speeds. Dispersion-shifted and dispersion-flattened fibers were developed to reduce dispersion effects and allow for higher data rates over longer distances. The document provides examples of dispersion characteristics for different fiber types.

Uploaded by

mofiw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

EE 230: Optical Fiber Communication Lecture 4

Fiber Dispersion

From the movie


Warriors of the Net

Types of Dispersion
Modal dispersion: different modes
propagate at different group velocities
Material dispersion: the index of
refraction of the medium changes with
wavelength
Waveguide dispersion: index change
across waveguide means that different
wavelengths have different delays
Polarization mode dispersion: if
waveguide is birefringent

Definitions
Group velocity
Group delay
Dispersion


vg

c k

Wave Packet Construction

Group and Phase Velocity

Transform Limited Frequency Spread

Rectangular Pulse

Pulse modulated Sine wave

Gaussian modulated Sine wave

Optics-Hecht & Zajac

Spectral properties of digitally modulated


signals1
0

1
NRZ
Encoded
Data
RZ
Encoded
Data

Pow
er

Bit
Time T

Time

1/T

2/T
3/T
Frequency

No spectral component at the clock frequency


For Non-Return to Zero Encoded Data

Pulse Propagation through Fibers

Response of a multi-mode fiber to a single


short pulse

Broadening of a short pulse after transmission


through different types of fibers

Fundamentals of Photonics - Saleh and Teich

Material Dispersion
Refractive Index of Pure Silica and its derivatives

Material Dispersion Parameter for pure silica


and germanium doped silica
Optical Fiber Communications-Keiser

Fiber Optic Communications-Palais

Zero Dispersion Slope

Fiber Optics Communication Technology-Mynbaev & Scheiner

Fiber Dispersion
Dispersion:The change in speed of propagation with wavelength

Pulse Degradation from Dispersion

Typical fiber Dispersion Curve


Ray optics View of the origin of waveguide dispersion

Polarization Mode Dispersion

Polarization Maintaining Fiber

Non-Polarization Maintaining Fiber

Random power transfer occurs between different polarization modes


as the pulse propagates, if the two modes have different propagation velocities
then the pulse will broaden

Representative Fiber Characteristics

Dispersion for various Fiber Types

Dispersion Shifted and Dispersion


Flattened Fibers

Chromatic Dispersion Parameters of


a singlemode fiber

Fundamentals of Photonics - Saleh and Teich

Waveguide Dispersion mechanism


AsMode field diameter
More of the mode travels in the cladding.
Cladding index is lower so pulse velocity
resulting in dispersion

Comparison of Dispersion Characteristics

Propagation of Gaussian Pulses

Input Pulse

Output Pulse
chirped and broadened

2<0 for standard single mode silica fiber


and Ld ~ 1800 km at 2.5 Gb/s and ~115 km at 10 Gb/s

Input Pulse
Already Positively
Chirped

After some distance


the chirp is removed
and the pulse assumes its
minimum possible width

Upon further propagation


the pulse will continue to broaden
and acquire chirp.

Optical Networks a Practical Perspective-Ramaswami and Sivarajan

You might also like