Scribd
Upload
230 views

01 Linux Basics

This document provides an introduction to Linux basics. It discusses the differences between Unix and Linux, and covers some major Linux distributions. It then outlines the roadmap, including sections on basic commands like ls, cd, cat, and vi/emacs. The document also discusses searching with man pages, Google, and info pages. Finally, it provides references to Linux-powered devices and distribution timelines.

Uploaded by

sampurnakumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
230 views

01 Linux Basics

This document provides an introduction to Linux basics. It discusses the differences between Unix and Linux, and covers some major Linux distributions. It then outlines the roadmap, including sections on basic commands like ls, cd, cat, and vi/emacs. The document also discusses searching with man pages, Google, and info pages. Finally, it provides references to Linux-powered devices and distribution timelines.

Uploaded by

sampurnakumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Linux Basics,

Linux vs Unix
I BCA,
LINUX PROGRAMMING (15CA1103)
Session-3
V.S.KUMAR

BasicLinuxCommands
FileHandling TextProcessing

SystemAdministration
ProcessManagement Archival Network
FileSystems AdvancedCommands

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

Roadmap
What is Unix?
What is Linux?
Which Linux Distribution is better?
Fish vs. Fishing
Basic Commands
Vi and Emacs
Q&A
References

What is Unix?
A multi-task and multi-user Operating

System
Developed in 1969 at AT&Ts Bell Labs by
Ken Thompson (Unix)
Dennis Ritchie (C)
Douglas Mcllroy (Pipes - Do one thing, do it

well)
Some other variants: System V, Solaris,

SCO Unix, SunOS, 4.4BSD, FreeBSD,


NetBSD, OpenBSD, BSDI

What is Linux?
A clone of Unix
Developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, a

Finnish graduate student


Inspired by and replacement of Minix
Linus' Minix became Linux
Consist of
Linux Kernel
GNU (GNU is Not Unix) Software
Software Package management
Others

http://www.linuxdevices.com/files/misc/ibm-watchpad.jpg

What is Linux?
Originally

developed for 32bit x86-based PC


Ported to other
architectures, eg.
Alpha, VAX, PowerPC,

IBM S/390, MIPS, IA64


PS2, TiVo,
cellphones, watches,
Nokia N810, NDS,
routers, NAS, GPS,
* See references at the end
for the corresponding websites.

Which Linux Distribution is


better?

> 300 Linux Distributions


Slackware (one of the oldest, simple and stable
distro.)
Redhat
RHEL (commercially support)
Fedora (free)

CentOS (free RHEL, based in England)


SuSe ( based in German)
Gentoo (Source code based)
Debian (one of the few called GNU/Linux)
Ubuntu (based in South Africa)
Knoppix (first LiveCD distro.)

Which Linux Distribution is


better?
Ubuntu
Debian
Knoppix

Slackware

Gentoo
CentOS

Redhat

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/
Source:
http://futurist.se/gldt/

Which Linux Distribution is


better?

Ask yourself these questions (from LAH)


Is it going to be around in 5 yrs?
Is it giong to stay on top of the latest security

patches?
Is it going to release updated software
promptly?
If I have problems, will the vendor talk to me?
Personally, I use Slackware
But, we will use CentOS (possibly along

with Slackware :)
http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

Fish vs. Fishing


Manpage
$
$
$
$

man
man
man
man

ls
2 mkdir
man
-k mkdir

Manpage sections (LAH

Table 1.2 @ page 12)

1 User-level cmds and

apps

/bin/mkdir

2 System calls
int mkdir(const char *,

);

3 Library calls
int printf(const char *,

);

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

4 Device drivers and

network protocols
/dev/tty

5 Standard file formats


/etc/hosts

6 Games and demos


/usr/games/fortune

7 Misc. files and docs


man 7 locale

8 System admin. Cmds


/sbin/reboot

$ manpath
$ env | grep MANPATH
/etc/man.config

Fish vs. Fishing (cont)


Google
linux package management -rpm
linux package management -rpm
linux OR windows
rpm site:redhat.com
linux faq filetype:pdf

Info
Text-base, menu-based help from GNU
?, h, u, t, ^N, ^P, Enter
$ info info

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

Basic Commands
ls
$
$
$
$
$

ls
ls
ls
ls
ls

-l
-a
-la
-l --sort=time
-l --sort=size -r

cd

$ cd /usr/bin

pwd

$ pwd

~
$ cd ~

~user
$ cd ~weesan

What will cd ~/weesan

do?

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

which
$ which ls

whereis
$ whereis ls

locate
$ locate stdio.h
$ locate iostream

rpm
$ rpm -q bash
$ rpm -qa
$ rpm -qa | sort | less

find
$ find / | grep stdio.h
$ find /usr/include | grep

stdio.h

Basic Commands (cont)


echo
$ echo Hello World
$ echo -n Hello World

cat
$ cat /etc/motd
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo

cp
$ cp foo bar
$ cp -a foo bar

mv
$ mv foo bar

mkdir
$ mkdir foo

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

rm
$ rm foo
$ rm -rf foo
$ rm -i foo
$ rm -- -foo

chgrp
$ chgrp bar /home/foo

chsh
$ chsh foo

chfn
$ chfn foo

chown
$ chown -R foo:bar

/home/foo

Basic Commands (cont)


tar
$ tar cvfp lab1.tar lab1

gzip
$ gzip -9 lab1.tar

untar & ungzip


$ gzip -cd lab1.tar.gz | tar

xvf
$ tar xvfz lab1.tar.gz
touch
$ touch foo
$ cat /dev/null > foo

Pipe
$ cal > foo
$ cat /dev/zero > foo
$ cat < /etc/passwd
$ who | cut -d -f1 | sort |

uniq | wc l
backtick
$ echo The date is

`date`
$ echo `seq 1 10`
Hard, soft (symbolic) link
ln vmlinuz-2.6.24.4

vmlinuz
ln -s firefox-2.0.0.3 firefox
http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

Basic Commands (cont)


Disk usage
$ df -h /
File space usage
$ du -sxh ~/

Advance stuff
$ ssh eon who
$ ssh eon cd .html ; tar cvfp - cs183 | gzip
-9c | tar xvfpz $ ssh kilo-1 tar cvfp - /extra/weesan | tar
xvfp - -C /
http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

Vi
2 modes
Input mode
ESC to back to cmd mode

Command mode
Cursor movement
h (left), j (down), k (up), l
(right)
^f (page down)
^b (page up)
^ (first char.)
$ (last char.)
G (bottom page)
:1 (goto first line)
Swtch to input mode

a (append)
i (insert)
o (insert line after
O (insert line before)

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

Delete
dd (delete a line)
d10d (delete 10 lines)
d$ (delete till end of line)
dG (delete till end of file)
x (current char.)
Paste

p (paste after)
P (paste before)

Undo
u
Search

Save/Quit
:w (write)
:q (quit)
:wq (write and quit)
:q! (give up changes)

Emacs
$ emacs
Cursor movement

^f (forward one char.)


^b (backward one

char.)
^a (begin of line)
^e (end of line)
^n (next line)
^p (prev. line)
^v (page up)
alt-v (page down)
Deletion

^d (delete one char)


alt-d (delete one word)
^k (delete line)

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

Paste

^y (yank)

Undo
^/

Load file
^x^f

Cancel
^g

Save/Quit

^x^c (quit w/out

saving)
^x^s (save)
^x^w (write to a new
file)

Q&A

http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

References
Nintendo DS Lite
http://www.nintendo.com/ds/
Nokia N810
http://www.nokia.com/
http://www.engadget.com/2007/10/17/nokia-n810-

gets-official/

Linux Distribution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution
GNU/Linux Distro Timeline: http://futurist.se/gldt/
http://www.distrowatch.com/
http://www.linux.org/dist/
Google Advance Search
http://www.google.com/intl/en/help/refinesearch.html
http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

You might also like