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Introduction To RES

The document provides an overview of various renewable energy sources including solar energy, wind energy, ocean energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, and fuel cells. It defines energy and discusses the different forms it can take. The document also explains the law of conservation of energy and provides examples of energy conversions. It distinguishes between renewable and non-renewable energy sources and provides details on key renewable technologies like how solar and wind energy can be harnessed using devices like solar panels and wind turbines. Hydro energy and geothermal energy are also summarized.

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praveen mithun
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65 views33 pages

Introduction To RES

The document provides an overview of various renewable energy sources including solar energy, wind energy, ocean energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, and fuel cells. It defines energy and discusses the different forms it can take. The document also explains the law of conservation of energy and provides examples of energy conversions. It distinguishes between renewable and non-renewable energy sources and provides details on key renewable technologies like how solar and wind energy can be harnessed using devices like solar panels and wind turbines. Hydro energy and geothermal energy are also summarized.

Uploaded by

praveen mithun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Renewable Energy Systems

Introduction to Energy
Types of Energy
Sources
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Ocean Energy
Biomass Energy
Geothermal Energy
Fuel Cell
1

Definition of Energy: Energy can be defined as the ability


(or) capacity to do work
The different forms of energy:
Energy can be obtained in number of way. It may be in
the form of
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

Chemical energy - due to chemical reaction


Electrical energy - due to flow of electron
Heat energy
- due to thermal vibration
Light energy
- due to radiation of light
Mechanical energy due to moving parts
Nuclear energy - due to nuclear reaction
The SI unit of energy is Joule (or) N/m.
2

Law of conservation of energy


According to law of conservation of energy, Energy can
neither be created nor destroyed. But, one form of
energy can be converted to another form.
Example:

A battery generates electrons from chemical


reactions, which are used to make electrical energy.

A heater convert electrical energy into heat energy.

The human leg converts the chemical energy stored in


the muscles into mechanical energy when you pedal a
bicycle.
3

Types of Energy sources

1. Non-renewable energy sources


2. Renewable energy sources

Non-renewable energy
Conventional (or) Non-renewable energy sources are
those, which cannot be replaced continuously.

Generally, non-renewable energy sources come out of


the ground as liquids, gases and solids.
Examples:
Non-renewable energy sources are Oil,
Coal, Petroleum and natural gas, Nuclear energy.
4

Renewable energy
Renewable energy is a source of energy that can never be
exhausted and can be replaced continuously.
We can obtain renewable energy from the sun, from the
water, from the wind, from crop residues and waste
The types of Renewable energies are

Solar energy
Wind energy
Biomass energy
Geothermal

Ocean energy
Hydro energy
Biofuels
Fuel Cell
5

Solar energy

Solar energy comes from the light of the sun, which means it
is a renewable source of energy. We can use the sun light to
create pollution free electricity / heating applications.
The solar cell is the system used to convert the sunlight
energy into electrical energy.

Solar Collector

PV Cell
8

Areas of the world with high Solar radiation

Wind energy

Wind energy is the kinetic energy associated with the movement


of atmospheric air.

Wind energy systems convert kinetic energy to more


useful forms of power.
Wind energy systems for irrigation and milling have been
in use since ancient times.
From beginning of the 20th century it is being used to
generate electric power.
10

Wind is simple air in motion and is caused by the uneven


heating of the earths surface by the sun.
During the day, the air above the land heats up more quickly
than the air over water.
The warm air over the land expands and rises, and the
heavier, cooler air rushes in to take its place, creating winds.
This winds are used to rotate turbine blades which spins the
generator to produce electricity.

11

Windmill
12

Biomass energy

Biomass energy (or) bioenergy, is the energy stored in nonfossil organic materials such as wood, straw, vegetable oils
and wastes from the forest, agricultural and industrial sectors.

13

14

Process
15

Use the ocean's waves Wave Energy.


Use the ocean's high and low tides Tidal Energy.
Use temperature differences in the water OTEC.

Ocean Energy
16

Kinetic

energy (movement) exists in the moving


waves of the ocean. That energy can be used to
power a turbine.

Wave Energy
17

Tidal energy
Tides are created due to
raise and fall of water level
in ocean. The raise and fall
of water level is due to the
gravitational forces of the
moon and sun as well as the
revolution of the earth.
The raising and falling tides
are used to rotate the
turbines and hence the
electricity is produced.

18

19

Geothermal energy

The word geothermal comes from the Greek words geo


(earth) and therme (heat). So, geothermal energy is heat
from within the earth. We can use the steam and hot
water produced inside the earth to heat buildings or
generate electricity.
20

The earth can be compared with egg. The outer layer of the
earth is called crest and the center layer is called Mantle and
inner layer is called Core (Iron).

21

Below the crust of the earth, the top layer of the mantle
is a hot liquid rock called magma.

The crust of the earth floats on this liquid magma mantle.

For every 100 meters you go below ground, the


temperature of the rock increases about 3 degrees
Celsius.

So, if you go about 10,000 feet below ground, the


temperature of the rock would be hot enough to boil
water.

Deep under the surface, water close to the hot rock


can reach temperatures of more than 148C.
22

This is hotter than boiling


water (100C). It doesn't turn
into steam because it is not in
contact with the air.

When this hot water comes


up through a crack in the
earth, we call it a hot spring
and it is used to rotate the
turbines and the electricity is
produced.
23

The most active geothermal resources are usually found along


major plate boundaries where earthquakes and volcanoes
are concentrated.
Most of the geothermal activity in the world occurs in an area
called the Ring of Fire.

24

25

A fuel

cell is a device that converts the chemical energy


from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction
with oxygen or another oxidizing agent.
Hydrogen is the most common fuel, but hydrocarbons
such as natural gas and alcohols like methanol are
sometimes used.

FUEL CELL
26

27

12P203 RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS


SOLAR ENERGY (9)
Devices for thermal collectors and storage-Thermal applications-Solar thermal power plant-Solar
Photo voltaic Conversion- Solar cell-PV application
WIND ENERGY (9)
Principles of wind Energy Conversion-Site Selection Considerations-Wind Energy Conversion
system-Advantages and Disadvantages of WECS-Wind Energy Collectors-Interconnected
System-Environmental Aspects.
BIO ENERGY (9)
Biomass Conversion Technologies-Types of Bio gas plants-Bio gas from plant wastes-Site
selection-Problems related to Bio gas plants-Alternative liquid fuels-Advantages and
Disadvantages of Bio-logical Conversion of Solar Energy.
ENERGY FROM THE OCEANS (9)
Ocean thermal Electric Conversion-Energy from Tides-Layout of Tidal power house-Tidal power
plants-Single and Double basin Arrangement wave-Energy Conversion devices-Hybrid System.
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY AND FUEL CELLS (9)
Hot Dry Rock Resources systems-Advantages and Disadvantages-Applications of Geothermal
Energy-Fuel Cells- Classifications-Advantages and Disadvantages-Applications of Fuel cells.
G.D. Rai, Non Conventional Energy Sources, Khanna publishers,
2008.
28

Have a good day

29

Hydro energy

Hydro energy is derived from flowing water in rivers, water


streams in mountains or from man-made installations where
water flows from a high-level reservoir down through a tunnel
and away from the dam.

A dam is built to trap water, usually in a valley where


there is an existing lake.

Water is allowed to flow through tunnels in the dam, to


turn turbines and thus drive generators and the electricity
is produced
30

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