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Module 7

This document provides an overview of resistors in parallel connection and Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL). It explains what a parallel connection is, shows different ways resistors can be connected in parallel, and introduces KCL. It then provides examples of applying KCL to solve for unknown currents in parallel circuits. It also introduces the current division principle for solving for branch currents in parallel circuits with multiple resistors.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
125 views16 pages

Module 7

This document provides an overview of resistors in parallel connection and Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL). It explains what a parallel connection is, shows different ways resistors can be connected in parallel, and introduces KCL. It then provides examples of applying KCL to solve for unknown currents in parallel circuits. It also introduces the current division principle for solving for branch currents in parallel circuits with multiple resistors.

Uploaded by

streetranpu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module no.

7
Contents:

Resistors in Parallel Connection


Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL)

Topic Objectives:

To explain the meaning of parallel connection

To show different ways resistors can be


connected in
parallel

To introduce the Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL)

To apply KCL in dealing with parallel


connections of
circuit

RESISTORS IN PARALLEL
a

a
E

R1

R2

R3

R1

R2

R3

Resistor can be connected such that they branch out from


single point (known as a node), and join up again somew
else in the circuit. This is known as a parallel connection

DC PARALLEL CIRCUITS

Two elements, branches, or circuits are in parallel if they


have two, and only two points in common.

R1

R2

Parallel branch = current path

If there is more than one current path (branch) between


separate points (nodes) and if the voltage between those
points also appears across each of those branches, then t
is a parallel circuit between those two points.

Circuit forms of parallel connection


A
+

A
+

A
+

A
+

A
+

Assemble to form a parallel circuit


R2
A
+

R1

R5

R3

R4

Schematic Diagram for three parallel resistors

VOLTAGE IN PARALLEL CIRCUITS

dc voltage source

http://images.google.com.ph/images?q=school+laboratory+dc+voltage+source

Circuit Analysis for Parallel Connection


+
VS _

I1

IT
R1

+
V 1 R2
-

I2
+
V2 R3
-

I3
+
V3
-

IN
RN

+
VN
-

Vs = V1 = V2 = V3 = . Parallel
= VN characteristic fo
voltage
IT = I1 + I2 + I3 + Using
+ IN Ohms Law ( ex. Three
resistor)

VS
V1
V3
V2
=
+
+
RT
R1
R3
R2

1
1
1
1
=
RT
R1 + R2 + R3

Therefore,

RT

1
= 1
1
1
R1 + R2 + R3

General Equation
(for 3 or more resistors
in parallel)

Special case: (2 resistors in parallel)


1

RT = 1
1
+
R1
R2

R1 R2
=
R1 + R 2

Product over Sum

Sample Exercises:
Ex.1 Determine the Equivalent Resistance of the circuit
RT

R1

3 R2

6 R3

12
4

R4

R5

Ex.2
+
27V _

IT
R1

I1

9 V1 R2
-

I2

18 V2
-

Determine:
a) RT
b) IT (current source)
c) current through each
parallel branch
d) show that IT = I1+ I2

Ex.3

If a 12-V battery is applied across the circuit of example


Determine
a) IT
b)current through each parallel branch
c) show that IT = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4
d)Derive the power equation for parallel circuit

KIRCHHOFFS CURRENT LAW (KCL)

- The algebraic sum of the currents entering a node or


junction is equal to zero.
In equation form:
I = 4A
I = 2A
1

node, system,
Complex network

Iin = Iout
I3 = 10A

I4 = 8A

where: Iin = input currents


Iout = output currents

- The sum of the currents entering a junction must eq


the sum of the currents leaving the same junction.
I1 + I 4 = I 2 + I 3
Iin = Iout
4 + 8 = 2 + 10
12A = 12A
Node = commonly used to refer junction of two or more

Ex.4 Determine I3 and I4 using KCL


I1 = 2A

I3

I4

I2 = 3A

Ex.5

I5 = 1A

Determine I1, I3, I4 and I5 using KCL


b

I1

I3

R1

R3
R4

R2

I = 5A
I2 =
4A

R5
I4

I5

I2=3A

Ex.6

Determine I3 and I5
I4=1A

a
b

I1=4A
I3

I5

Ex.7
2mA

IT

I1
R1

I2
6 R2

I3
3 R3

Determine :
a) I1 and I3
b) Current source IT

CURRENT DIVISION PRINCIPLE (CDP)


(For Parallel Circuit Application)

RT

I1

I2

I3

R1

R2

R3

IT

From Ohms Law:


IN

IT =

RN

V
RT

since
V = I1R1 = I2R2 == IxRx
Therefore,
IR
IT = x x
RT

Solving for the current


of any branch

Ix = (IT)RT
Rx

any number of
current and
resistance

General Equation

Special Case: Two Parallel Resistor

RT

I1
R1

R1 R2
I1 = (IT)R1 + R2
R1

I2
R2

using product over sum


RT = R1 R2
R1 + R2
Solving for I1 using CDPLet:
Ix = (IT)RT
Rx

Ix = I 1
Rx = R1

Therefore,
I1 = (IT) R2
R1+R2

I2 = (IT) R1
R1+R2

Ex.8 Determine I1 using Current Divider Principle


R1 1k
IT = 12mA

I1

R2
R3

Ex.9

10k

12mA

22k

Determine resistor R1 using KCL or CDP


R1
I = 27mA

I1 = 21mA
R2
7

Ex.9

Additional exercise

The resistance of the wire used for telephone is 35


per km when the weight of the wire is 5kg/km. If the
specific resistance of the material is 1.95x10-8 -m,
what is the cross-sectional area (in m2) of the wire?
What will be the resistance of a loop to a subscriber
8km from the exchange if the wire of the same
material but weighing 20kg per km is used?

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