Affixation Group

AFFIXATION
PREFIX
SUFFIX
MULTIPLE AFFIXATION
By:
Bayu Aga A.P, Fifi Nur U., Mustofa Dimyati,
Anis Safitri D., Dika Liesnanda S.
What is affixation?
Affixation is the linguistic process speakers use to form
different words by adding morphemes (affixes) at the
beginning (prefix) or the end (suffix) of words.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affix)
What is affix?
An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word
stem to form a new word. Affixes may be derivational
or inflectional.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affix)
What are derivational morphemes?

DERIVATIONAL MORPHEMES . . .
are morphemes that derive new words by changing
the basic meaning of a word or the words class.
(http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_1998/ling001/morphology2.html)
What are inflectional morphemes?

INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES . . .
are morphemes that do not change the meaning and
the words class. These morphemes are as
grammatical markers that indicate tenses, numbers,
possessions, or comparisons. For example,
inflectional morphemes in English include the
suffixes -s (or -es); 's ; -ed; -en; -er; -est; and -ing.
(http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/Inflectional-Morpheme.htm)
PREFIX
Prefix is an affix that is added before the root. All
prefixes are derivational morphemes. They can
change the basic meaning or the part of speech.
Some prefixes do not change the part of speech, but
mostly change the meaning.
KINDS of PREFIX
Below is the prefixes that change the

part of speech
KINDS of PREFIX
En-/emExample : enlarge, endanger, empower, etc.
AExample : asleep, alive, etc.
KINDS of PREFIX
Below is the prefixes that change the

meaning but dont change part of
speech
KINDS OF PREFIX
1. Negative Prefixes
These prefixes are used to change the meaning of the stem negatively.
The negative prefixes are :

a- ; anti- ; dis- ; il- ; im- ; in- ; ir- ; non- ; un- ; de- ; mis- ; malPrefix
meaning
a-
Prefixed word
prefix
meaning
Prefixed word
Amoral
asexual
in-
not
Incomplete
infertile
not
Irregular
Irrational
anti-
against
antibacterial
Antibiotic
ir-
dis-
not
Dishonest
Disagree
non-
il-
not
Illegal
Illogical
un
im-
not
Impossible
impatient
de-
mis-
wrong
Miscommunication
misunderstand
Mal-
Nonfiction
nonsense
not
Undo
unhappy
Deactivate
degrade
wrong
Malfunction
malnourished
KINDS OF PREFIX
Not all words that appear to have a negative prefix are negative word.
Example :
Alike not like
Discuss not cuss
Universe not iverse
Illuminate not luminate
Important not portant
Involve not volve

Irrigate not rigate
KINDS OF PREFIX
2. Measurement Prefixes
semi- ; mini- ; micro- ; macro- ; megaPrefix meaning
SemiMini-
Half/
partly
Prefixed word
prefix
meaning
Prefixed word
Semicolon
Semifinal
Micro-
small
Microwave
Micro-organism
minimarket
Mega-
Megabyte
megaphone
Macro-
macro
KINDS OF PREFIX
3. Locative prefixes
These prefixes are used to aggregate the meaning of a stem with location
concept. The prefixes are:
Inter- ; intra- ; super- ; extra- ; sub- ; trans- ; infra- ; underPrefix meaning
Inter(antar)
Between/
among
Extra-
prefix
Intercity
international
Sub-
Intracellular
IntraSuper-
Prefixed word
over
(bawah)
Trans(antar)
Supersonic
Superhuman
Infra-
Extraordinary
Under(bawah)
meaning
Prefixed word
below
Subconscious
Subway
across
Transgender
transcontinental
Infrared
below
Underground
underfoot
KINDS OF PREFIX
4. Temporal prefixes
These prefixes refer to periods of time.
The prefixes are pre- ; post- ; ante-.
# Prefix pre- (the meaning is before)
Can be used with noun => pre- + school = preschool
Can be used with verb (meaning is to do something
earlier) => pre- + register = preregister
KINDS OF PREFIX
# Prefix post- (the meaning is after)
Can be used with noun => post- + war = postwar ;
post- + natal = postnatal ; etc.
#Prefix ante- (the meaning is before)
It is much less productive than prefix pre-, can be
interpreted as points or intervals of time.
The example is antebellum, antewar, ante-Christian,
etc.
KINDS OF PREFIX
5. Counting prefixes
Prefix
meaning
Prefixed word
Mono-
One
Monochrome
monosyllable
Bi-
Two
Bilingual
bifocal
Tri-
Three
Triangle
tricycle
multi
More than
Multipurpose
multicultural
KINDS of PREFIX
Re:
(to do again and again)
renew
Remake
Rebuild
Recycle
Reuse
Redo
Refresh
Etc
Over:
(too much/too many)
overdue
Overreact
Overwrite
Overwork
Oversee
Oversleep
Overshoot
Etc
SUFFIX
Suffix is an affix that is added after the root.
KIND OF SUFFIX
# DERIVATIONAL SUFFIX #
1. Noun suffix
-ing; -ity ; -er ; -or ; -ism ; -ist ; -ment ; -ness ; -ship ; -ure ; -ion ; -ation ;
-age ; -al ; -ance/-ence ; -dom
word
Suffixed noun
word
Suffixed noun
Ill (adj)
illness
Humid (adj)
humidity
Friend (noun)
friendship
Please (verb)
pleasure
Act (verb)
actor
Move (verb)
movement
clear (adj/vrb)
clearance
Guitar (noun)
guitarist
King (noun)
kingdom
Hero (noun)
heroism
Pack (noun/vrb)
package
State (noun/verb)
station
Sing (verb)
singer
Arrive (verb)
arrival
Build (verb)
building
KIND OF SUFFIX
2. Verbal suffix
-en ; -ize/ -ise ; -ate ; -ify
word
Suffixed verb
Fast (adj)
Fright (noun)
Fasten
Frighten
Author (noun)
Character (noun)
Authorize
characterize
Hyphen (noun)
Different (adj)
Hyphenate
Differentiate
Simple (adj)
Beauty (noun)
Simplify
beautify
KIND OF SUFFIX
3. Adjectival suffix
-ing, -ed, -ive, -able, -al, -ish, -ous, -full, -some, -less, -y
word
Suffixed adj
word
Suffixed adj
Interest (noun)
Interesting
Danger (noun)
Dangerous
Flaw (noun)
flawless
Nature (noun)
Natural
Read (verb)
Readable
Close (verb)
Closed
Child (noun)
Childish
Fish (noun)
Fishy
Help (verb)
Helpful
Expense (noun)
Expensive
Tire (verb)
tiresome
KIND OF SUFFIX
4. Adverbial suffix
-ly ; -wise
word
Suffixed adverb
Usual (adj)
Usually
Clock (noun)
Clockwise
Total (noun)
Totally
Length (noun)
Lengthwise
MULTIPLE AFFIXATION
Multiple affixation is the way of combining more than
one suffix or more than one prefix.
MULTIPLE AFFIXATION CATEGORY

1. Prefix + ____ + Suffix
This category can change the word class into three;
noun, adjective, and adverb.
Noun
Adjective
Adverb
Dishonesty
Dispassionate
Unconsciously
Disconnection
Unanswerable
Impolitely
Misunderstanding
Prehistoric
irregularly
Reconstruction
International
unhappily
Decomposer
Inactive
incompletely

2. ___ +Suffix +Suffix
This category can change the word class into three;
noun, adjective, and adverb.
Noun
Adjective
Adverb
usefulness
economical
communicatively
activity
Historical
fortunately
acceptability
Psychological
Continuously
characterization
Surprisingly
fertilization
carelessly

3. Prefix + ____ + Suffix + Suffix
This category can change the word class into two; noun and adverb.
Noun
Adverb
uncontrollability
interchangeably
decentralization
disappointingly
degenaralization
unpredictably

4. ___ + Suffix + Suffix + Suffix
Example :
Colonialization (noun)
5. Prefix + . . . . + Suffix + Suffix + Suffix
Example :
Decolonialization (noun)
6. Prefix + Prefix + . . . . + Suffix + Suffix + Suffix
Example:
Anti-decolonialization (noun)
TREE DIAGRAM
Example:
IT IS OVER
THANK YOU!!!
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AFFIXATION

What are derivational morphemes?

What are inflectional morphemes?

Below is the prefixes that change the

Below is the prefixes that change the

The negative prefixes are :

Involve not volve

MULTIPLE AFFIXATION CATEGORY

MULTIPLE AFFIXATION CATEGORY

MULTIPLE AFFIXATION CATEGORY

MULTIPLE AFFIXATION CATEGORY

If you have some questions, ask us!!

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