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Physics For Scientists and Engineers, 6e: Chapter 3 - Vectors

This document contains a chapter from a physics textbook on vectors. It provides examples of vector and scalar quantities and works through problems involving adding and subtracting vectors. It addresses concepts like the maximum and minimum magnitudes of the resultant vector from adding two other vectors, conditions for when vectors add to their simple sum, relationships between vector components and magnitudes, and requirements for two vectors to sum to zero.

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Sophie mendoza
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66 views13 pages

Physics For Scientists and Engineers, 6e: Chapter 3 - Vectors

This document contains a chapter from a physics textbook on vectors. It provides examples of vector and scalar quantities and works through problems involving adding and subtracting vectors. It addresses concepts like the maximum and minimum magnitudes of the resultant vector from adding two other vectors, conditions for when vectors add to their simple sum, relationships between vector components and magnitudes, and requirements for two vectors to sum to zero.

Uploaded by

Sophie mendoza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 6e

Chapter 3 - Vectors

Which of the following are vector quantities?

1.
2.

your age, speed, mass


acceleration, velocity

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Scalars: your age, speed, mass. None of these


quantities has a direction. Vectors: acceleration,
velocity. For these quantities, the direction is
necessary to specify the quantity completely.

The magnitudes of two vectors A and B are A = 12


units and B = 8 units. Which of the following pairs of
numbers represents the largest and smallest
possible values for the magnitude of the resultant
vector
R = units,
A + B?
1. 14.4
4 units
2. 12 units, 8 units
3. 20 units, 4 units
4. none of these answers

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The resultant has its maximum magnitude A + B


= 12 + 8 = 20 units when vector A is oriented in
the same direction as vector B. The resultant
vector has its minimum magnitude A B = 12 8
= 4 units when vector A is oriented in the direction
opposite vector B.

If vector B is added to vector A, under what


condition does the resultant vector A + B have
magnitude A + B?
1.
2.
3.

A and B are parallel and


in the same direction.
A and B are parallel and
in opposite directions.
A and B are
perpendicular.

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The magnitudes will add numerically only if the


vectors are in the same direction.

Choose the correct response to make the sentence


true: A component of a vector is _____ larger than
the magnitude of the vector.
1.
2.
3.

always
never
sometimes

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From the Pythagorean theorem, the magnitude of


a vector is always larger than the absolute value
of each component, unless there is only one
nonzero component, in which case the magnitude
of the vector is equal to the absolute value of that
component.

If at least one component of a vector is a positive


number, the vector cannot

1.
2.
3.

have any component that


is negative
be zero
have three dimensions

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From the Pythagorean theorem, we see that the


magnitude of a vector is nonzero if at least one
component is nonzero.

If A + B = 0, the corresponding components of the


two vectors A and B must be

1.
2.
3.
4.

equal
positive
negative
of opposite sign

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Each set of components, for example, the two x


components Ax and Bx, must add to zero, so the
components must be of opposite sign.

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