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File 140430032507 Phpapp02

This document discusses file handling in C programming. It introduces files as places to permanently store data. It is better for programs to read from and write to files rather than expecting the same input data each time or having large outputs displayed on screen. The basic file operations are opening, reading, writing and closing files. It provides details on how to open files with different modes, perform read/write operations using functions like getc and putc, and close files after completing operations. It also discusses using fscanf and fprintf for file input/output and how command line arguments are passed to a program through the main function arguments argc and argv.

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69 views9 pages

File 140430032507 Phpapp02

This document discusses file handling in C programming. It introduces files as places to permanently store data. It is better for programs to read from and write to files rather than expecting the same input data each time or having large outputs displayed on screen. The basic file operations are opening, reading, writing and closing files. It provides details on how to open files with different modes, perform read/write operations using functions like getc and putc, and close files after completing operations. It also discusses using fscanf and fprintf for file input/output and how command line arguments are passed to a program through the main function arguments argc and argv.

Uploaded by

ranga231980
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FILE

HANDLING

Introduction
Files are places where data can be stored

permanently.
Some programs expect the same set of data
to be fed as input every time it is run.
Cumbersome.

Better if the data are kept in a file, and the

program reads from the file.

Programs generating large volumes of output.


Difficult to view on the screen.
Better to store them in a file for later viewing/
processing

Basic File Operations


Opening a file
Reading data from a file
Writing data to a file
Closing a file

Opening a File
A file must be opened before it can be used.
FILE *fp;

:
fp = fopen (filename, mode);
fp is declared as a pointer to the data type FILE.
filename is a string - specifies the name of the
file.
fopen returns a pointer to the file which is used
in all subsequent file operations.
mode is a string which specifies the purpose of
opening the file:
r :: open the file for reading only
w :: open the file for writing only
a :: open the file for appending data to it

Closing a File
After all operations on a file have been

completed, it must be closed.


Ensures that all file data stored in memory

buffers are properly written to the file.

General format:

fclose (file_pointer) ;

FILE *xyz ;
xyz = fopen (test, w) ;
.
fclose (xyz) ;

Read/Write Operations on Files


The simplest file input-output (I/O) function are getc

and putc.
getc is used to read a character from a file and return
it.
char ch; FILE *fp;
..
ch = getc (fp) ;
getc will return an end-of-file marker EOF, when the end of the
file has been reached.

putc is used to write a character to a file.


char ch; FILE *fp;

putc (c, fp) ;

main() {
FILE *in, *out ;
char c ;
in = fopen (infile.dat, r) ;
out = fopen (outfile.dat, w) ;
while ((c = getc (in)) != EOF)
putc (toupper (c), out);
fclose (in) ;
fclose (out) ;
}

Basic operations of
files(Contd.)
We can also use the file versions of scanf and

printf, called fscanf and fprintf.


General format:
fscanf (file_pointer, control_string, list) ;
fprintf (file_pointer, control_string, list) ;

Examples:
fscanf (fp, %d %s %f, &roll, dept_code, &cgpa) ;
fprintf (out, \nThe result is: %d, xyz) ;

Command line argument


Command line arguments are parameters supplied

to a program, when the program is invoked.


How do these parameters get into the program?
Every C program has a main function.
main can take two arguments conventionally called argc

and argv.
Information regarding command line arguments are

passed to the program through argc and argv.

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