ENERGY

MODULE
-5

CONSERVATION IN
PUMPING SYSTEM
B.E.M.E 2
PROF. INCHARGE MR. ASLAM HIRANI
13ME65 13ME116

13ME65

INTRODUCTION
Types Of Pumps:
Dynamic Pumps: Centrifugal Pumps
1.
2.
3.

Low Pressure & High Flow Rates

Less Efficient
Economical

Positive Displacement Pumps: Reciprocating Pumps

1.

High Pressure & Low Flow Rates

Rotary Pumps
1.

Positive Action, Compact, Even Flow, High Speeds

13ME65

Pumping- Process of supplying K.E. & P.E. or both to a

liquid for the purpose of moving the liquids from one
point to another.
Pump- It is used to transfer the input mechanical energy
of a motor from a rotating impellar to a liquid in the
form of K.E. & P.E. or both to a liquid as required by the
system.

13ME68

Need for Performance

Test on pumps
-To determine the pump efficiency during
pump operation.
- To determine the system resistance and
its load and itd operating point and
compare the same with pump design

PUMP SELECTION

13ME69

CHARACTERSTIC OF FLUID:
It includes viscosity, density, specific gravity, vapour pressure, operating
temperature & solid content.
PERFORMANCE DATA OF PUMP:
It includes the data regarding pump capacity, flow rate, inlet & exit
pressures, speed,
maximum head developed

Vapor Pressure And Solid Content in13ME70

Liquid
Vapor Pressure:

Important Parameter in the system

Liquids are made to remain as liquids
When pressure is reduced, the liquid will start evaporating
This pressure is called Vapor Pressure

Solid Contents in Liquid:

It will affect pumping characteristics

Size and concentration are crucial parameters
If abrasive, special care should be given
Expressed as W/w of L or w/ unit Vol. of Liquid

TOTAL HEAD

13ME74

TOTAL HEAD (H).

H=Delivery head hd - suction head (hs).

SUCTION HEAD (hs): It is taken from the

inlet gauge reading and & coverted into
pressure head in meter..alternatively,it can
determined by measuring the level
difference between centre line of the pump
&the water level in pump.
dELIVERY HEAD (hd): it is taken from the
pressure gauge installed on discharge
sideof pump & converted into pressure

13ME78

HYDRAULIC POWER
1)Hydraulic power, also called Fluid Power, power transmitted by the
controlled circulation of pressurized fluid, usually a water-soluble oil or
waterglycol mixture, to a motor that converts it into a mechanical
output capable of doing work on a load.
2)Hydraulic power systems have greater flexibility than mechanical and
electrical systems and can produce more power than such systems of
equal size. They also provide rapid and accurate responses to controls.
3)As a result, hydraulic power systems are extensively used in modern
aircraft, automobiles, heavy industrial machinery, and many kinds of
machine tools

PUMP SHAFT POWER (Ps)

13ME80

Theshaft powerof apumpis the

mechanicalpowertransmitted to it by the motorshaft

pump= Hydraulic power (Ph) / shaft power (Ps)

13ME82

Electrical input power to motor(P):

Let Q= Volume of liquid handled by the Pump
N= Speed of pump
p= density of liquid (kg/m^3)
N(neta)= efficiency of pump
N(neta)=efficiency of motor
Hd= Delivery head(m) or discharge head
Hg= Suction head(m)
g= Acceleration Due to gravity
Total Head (H) H= Delivery head hd= suction head

13ME82

Suction Head(hg): It is taken from the inlet gauge reading converted into pressure
head in meter(m). The conversion factor is 101.3KPa= 10.33 m of water.
Alternatively , it can be determined by the measuring level difference between
centre line of the pump and the water level in the pump.
Delivery head (hd): it is taken from the pressure gauge installed on discharge side
of the pump
and converted into pressure head as explained above.
Hydraulic Power (Ph): (Ph) = p(row) *g*Q*H*10^-3 (kW)
Shaft Power (Ps): n(neta of pump)=Hydraulic power (ph)/ Shaft Power(Ps)
Input Power or Electrical Power (P): n(neta motor) = Shaft power (Ps)/Input Power
(P)
Therefore, Input Power (P)= Shaft power (Ps)/n(neta of pump) =Hydraulic power
(ph)/n(neta of Pump) *(1/n(neta of motor)
i.e. P= ph *(1/n(neta of pump)*(1/n(neta of motor)

EFFECT OF SPEED ON THE

PERFORMANCE OF PUMP

13ME85

The rotational speed of a fixed impeller diameter has

an effect on the performance of the pump.
Since the head generated is directly proportional to its peripheral
velocity . however its efficiency is independent of speed.
The relation of speed with discharge(Q), Head(H) and power(P)is
called affinity law and is given by
a) Q N

b) H N2
c) P N3
From above equations it is evident that
Any increase or reduction in speed will have
Tremendous effect on power.

13ME86

Change in impeller dia.

As we know that peripheral velocity is given by
U=|| DN/60
From this equation we can say that the dia. Will directly
effect on the perf. Of the pump

Net Positive Suction Head

13ME87
(NPSH)
What
is NPSH?
Net Positive Suction Head or NPSH for pumps
can be defined as the difference between liquid
pressure at pump suction and liquid vapor pressure,
expressed in terms of height of liquid column.
Formula :
NPSH Two Kinds :
1) N.P.S.H.R Required by pump at duty point.
Found on the pump performance curve.
2) N.P.S.H.A Available in the system and must be
determined by calculation.
Note : For the pump to perform properly, the
N.P.S.H.R (required), must be less than the
N.P.S.H.A. (available) i.e. NPSHR < NPSHA

Fig. NPSH

13ME88
System Characteristics

1) Static lift vertical distance between the

static water surface and the ground surface
(2) Static discharge vertical distance
between the ground surface and the ultimate
point of use
(3) Well drawdown decrease in water level
in the well in response to pumping
(4) Friction loss in the system head loss
due to friction as water flows through the pipe,
valves, bends, etc.
(5) Operating head pressure (or head)
required at the point of use.
For example, irrigation sprinklers require a
certain amount of pressure to operate correctly;
a well system for a home typically pumps water
into a pressure tank which then supplies water
to the house.

UNDERSIZED PUMP
A pump is
undersized
meet the
discharge
of system

said to be
if it cannot
head and
requirement

Any error in calculation

of system load is likely
to lead un selection of
an undersized pump

13ME89

PUMP OPERATING
POINT
The system demand or system
resistance is called the load on
the pump
The operating point or design
point or duty point B will
always be where two curves
intersect as represnt in fig
This operation point on the
pump
characteristic
curve
should be in the vicinity of
maximum efficiency point on the
pump

13ME90

OVERSIZED PUMP
A pump is said to be
oversized which can
deliver
much
higher
head and discharge as
compared to the system
requirements
Any error in calculation
of system load is likely
to lead un selection of
an oversized pump

13ME92

METHODS OF IMPROVING LOADING & FLOW CONTROL

Tochangeflowcontrolasperloadingtherearevariousmethoduseasfollows:

Flowcontrolbythrottling

Flowcontrolusingby-passcontrol

Trimmingimpeller(effectofoversizepump)

Variablespeeddrive(VSD)

13ME96

1)Flowcontrolbythrottling

3 )Trimmimg impeller

2 )Flow control using by-pass control

13ME96

4)Variable speed drive(VSD)

13ME97

FLOW CONTROL BY THROTTILING

The loads to be overcome by

the pumps are the functions of
flow rate

The
pump
is
selected
According to the estimated
system resistance at the Best
Efficency Point(BEP)

Discharge of the pump can be

controlled by introducing a
throttle valve in discharge line

The presence of throttle valve

13ME97

THE ILL EFFECT OF THROTTLE

Increases additional resistance
Reduces Efficiency of operation of pump at part loads
Increases power consumption
Reduce the life of pump
Maintenance is high while using throttle

13ME99

FLOW CONTROL USING BY-PASS

CONTROL
In this system pumps runs at maximum discharge
continuously with a
By-pass control installed at outlet.
When the flow rate requirement is reduced then surplus
discharge is
Returned to the supply source.
Pump discharge rate supplies to receiver tank and
supplies as per demand and then return it to the suction
pipe.
Power requirement do not reduce with reduction in flow

Variable Speed
Drives

13ME101

ROLL NO:13ME102

SUB: MUS

BEME2

METHOD OF SPEED REDUCTION TO MEET VARIABLE

FLOW REDUCTION(VFR)
The reduction in speed of pump to control the discharge is
more efficient method since it reduces power requirement as
compare to throttling or by pass method of flow control.
Two methods use for speed reduction are:
1) multi-speed pump motor
2) Variable speed drives
MULTI-SPEED PUMP MOTOR:
Multi-speed motors directly controls the pump output.
It consists of different set of windings for each speed of motor.

VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES

Variable speed drives can continuously adjust the
speed as per load requirement as against the multispeed motors.

Change in impeller diameter

13ME103

The peripheral velocity is directly proportional to the

impeller dia.
Impeller dia. Is not reduced by 25% of the existing
impeller dia.
Which reduces the head about 50% . It effects the eff.
By 1 to 2 % only

Variable Speed Drivers

(VSDs)

13ME106

Used for speed adjustment depending upon the load.

Types of VSDs are used1. Mechanical Systems: eg. fluid couplings, adjustable
belts and pulleys.
2. Electrical Systems: eg. Eddy current clutches, Variable
frequency drives.

Pump in Series and Parallel 13ME107

to meet the Demand:

byadding the pumps flowratesat the same

headas indicated in the figurebeside.

PUMPS IN PARALLEL (FLOW RATE ADDED)13ME108

:-

Centrifugal pumps in parallel are used to overcome

larger volume flows than one pump can handle
alone.
Fortwo identical pumps in parallel and the head
kept constant - the flowrate doubles compared to a
single pump as indicated withpoint 2
Note!In practice the combined head and volume
flow moves along the system curve as indicated
from 1 to 3.
Point 3is where the system operates withboth
pumpsrunning
Point 1is where the system operates withone
pumprunning
In practice, if one of the pumps in parallel or series
stops, the operation point moves along the system
resistance curve from point 3 to point 1 - the head
and flow rate are decreased.
Note that for two pumps with equal performance
curves running in parallel

The head for each pump equals the head at point 3

PUMP IN SERIES

13ME111

Delivering of one pump is connected to suction of second pump, such

pump is called to be pump in series.
Discharge through the pump is constant

Following

Q.

points should be kept in mind

in series as shown in figure;

The pump in lowest

while connecting the pump

NPHSR should be installed as the first pump.

Discharge of the combined pump should not exceed the

of the smallest pump.

MAX discharge

FLOW CONTROL:
13ME112

VARIOUS METHODS:-1) Flow Control by Throttling

2)Flow Control using by-pass control
3)Trimming impeller(Effect of oversized
pump)
4)Changing the impeller diameter
5) Variable Speed Drive(VSD )

1)FLOW CONTROL BY THROTTLING:

The ill effect of throttling are:
i) Increase power consumption
ii) Reduces the life of pump
iii) Maintenance of Throttle valve
increases

13ME114

Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement pump

Non Positive displacement pump

Reciprocating pump
Axial pump

Centrifugal pump

Double Acting
Single Acting
Rotary pump

Vane Type

Root Type
Screw Type

Gear Type

CONCLUSION

13ME116

The wise and economic use of energy resource is called as

conservation of energy
Different method how energy is conserved in pumping
system :
Different arrangement of pump
Series arrangement
Parallel arrangement

By
By
By
By

changing impellar
method of improving efficency
variable speeds
changing loading on pump