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Filter Design 2

This document describes Chebyshev filters and their design using element values. It shows that Chebyshev polynomials form the basis for Chebyshev filters and derive the recursive formula to generate them. Design examples are given for 4th order Chebyshev filters using quality factors Q and element coupling coefficients K. The frequency response characteristics of Chebyshev filters are also illustrated.

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sadyehclen
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41 views23 pages

Filter Design 2

This document describes Chebyshev filters and their design using element values. It shows that Chebyshev polynomials form the basis for Chebyshev filters and derive the recursive formula to generate them. Design examples are given for 4th order Chebyshev filters using quality factors Q and element coupling coefficients K. The frequency response characteristics of Chebyshev filters are also illustrated.

Uploaded by

sadyehclen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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High Pass

Filter

(7) Butterworth Highpass Filters - designed from the


Lowpass prototype
1
Lowpass
prototype

~
Vs
Signal
generator
1

Normalized
highpass

L = 2H

C = 1F

C = 0.5F

~
Vs

R =1

L = 1H

R =1

Signal generator
2

Highpass Filters - designed from an alternative Lowpass


prototype
L = 1H L = 1H
1
Lowpass
prototype

~
Vs
Signal
generator
1

Normalized
highpass

C=1F

~
Vs

R =1

C = 2F

L =0.5H

C=1F
R =1

Signal generator
3

(8)

Chebyshev Filters
G

1 2 C n2

where (<1) is the ripple constant and Cn() is the


Chebyshev polynomial of n degree, defined by

C n cos n cos 1

C n cosh n cosh 1

1
1

(a) Chebyshev Polynomial


To show that Cn() is indeed a polynomial,
let = cos x and for 1

C n ( x) cos nx
C n 1 ( x) cos(n 1) x cos nx cos x sin nx sin x
C n 1 ( x) cos(n 1) x cos nx cos x sin nx sin x
C n 1 ( x) C n 1 ( x) 2 cos nx cos x
Obtain the recursive formula

Cn 1 ( ) 2Cn ( ) Cn 1 ( )
5

The recursive formula

Cn 1 ( ) 2Cn ( ) Cn 1 ( )

From the definition

C n ( ) cos n cos
1

n0

C 0 cos 0 1

n 1

C1 ( ) cos(cos 1 )

n2

C 2 ( ) 2C1 ( ) C 0 ( ) 2 2 1

n3

C 3 ( ) 2C 2 ( ) C1 ( ) 4 3 3

n4

C 4 ( ) 2C 3 ( ) C 2 ( ) 8 4 8 2 1

n5

C 5 ( ) 2C 4 ( ) C 3 ( ) 16 5 20 3 5

n6

C 6 ( ) 2C 5 ( ) C 4 ( ) 32 6 48 4 18 2 1
6

6
4
2

32

48

18

1
Calculate 6

C6()

C6()

C6()

C6()

-1.2

20.9

-0.7

-0.06

-1

0.6

0.752

-1.1

7.19

-0.6

0.752

0.1

-0.825

0.7

-0.06

-1.0

-0.5

0.2

-0.355

0.8

-0.752

-0.97

0.097

-0.4

0.782

0.3

0.255

0.9

-0.907

-0.95

-0.328

-0.3

0.255

0.4

0.782

0.95

-0.328

-0.9

-0.907

-0.2

-0.355

0.5

0.97

0.097

-0.8

-0.752

-0.1

-0.825

Plot C6() against


C6

1
-1

-0.5

0.5

-1

(b) Calculate the ripple factor


(i) Passband ripple 1 dB, find

G
2

1
1 2 C n2

1
10 log
1
2
1
1 2 1.2589
0.5088

(ii) Passband ripple 0.5 dB, find

1
10 log
0.5
2
1
1 2 1.122
0.3493
9

(c) Calculate Filter Response

C6()

C6()

-1

-1

-1

0.1

-0.825

-0.7

1.2

20.9

-17.4

0.2

-0.355

-0.14

1.5

161

-35.0

0.3

0.255

-0.07

1351

-56.7

0.4

0.782

-0.64

19601

-80.0

0.5

-1

119071

-95.6

0.6

0.752

-0.59

470449

-107

0.7

-0.06

1431431

-117.2

0.8

-0.752

-0.59

8193151

-132.4

0.9

-0.907

-0.84

10

31521799

-144.1

0.95

-0.328

-0.12

20

2.04E+09

-180.33

0.97

0.097

-0.01

40

1.31E+11

-216.47

10 log

1
1 2 C 62 ( )

10 log

1
1 2 C 62 ( )

10

0
20
40
60
80

100

0.1

0.2 0.3

0.5 0.7

4 5 6 7 8 10

11

(d) Sketch frequency response of Chebyshev filter

20 log G ( )
0
1

dB

Selectivity: 6n dB/octave =
36 dB/octave

12

(e) The location of the poles of a Chebyshev


response may be found and given as follows:

2k 1
k sinh sin
n 2
2k 1
k cosh cos
n 2

k2
k2

1
2
2
sinh cosh

j
s2
s1

s3

which is an ellipse

13

Filter Design using Q


and K values

14

Filter Design Using Q and K


data
Definition: Q
1

jL

Z 1 jL

jC

Y 1 jC

QL

QC

15

Definition K
C1

2
12

2
34

C1 L2
1

C 3 L4

L2

L4

C3

C5

2
23

2
45

L2 C 3

L4 C 5

16

Q and K data for Butterworth filters


n

Q1 = Qn

K12

K23

K34

K45

1.4142

0.7071

1.0000

0.7071

0.7071

0.7654

0.8409

0.5412

0.8409

0.6180

1.0000

0.5559

0.5559

1.000

0.5176

1.1688

0.6050

0.5176

0.6050

K56

1.1688

17

L2

1
~

C1

Vs

n3

k12 k 23 0.7071

Y1 1 jC1

RL

C3

Q 1.000

Q C1 1

1
1
k

0.70712 0.5
C1 L2 L2
2
12

L2 2

1
1
k

0.70712 0.5
L2C3 2C3
2
23

Y3

1
jC3
RL

C3 1

Q3 RL C3 RL 1
18

C2

Vs

n3

L3

L1

k12 k 23 0.7071

Z 1 1 jL1

RL

Q 1.000

Q L1 1

1
1
k

0.70712 0.5
L1C 2 C 2
2
12

2
23

1
1

0.70712 0.5
C 2 L 3 2 L3

Z 3 R L jL3

L3
1
Q3

1
RL RL

C2 2
L3 1
RL 1
19

Q and K data for Chebyshev filters with ripple


0.5 dB
n

Q1

K12

K23

K34

K45

K56

1.9497 0.7225

1.8636 0.6474 0.6474

1.8258 0.6482 0.5446 0.6482

1.8068 0.6519 0.5341 0.5341 0.6519

1.7962 0.6547 0.5326 0.5191 0.5326 0.6566


20

Example Chebyshev n = 4
N=4

Q = 1.8258

K12 =0.6482 K23 = 0.5446 K34 = 0.6482


L2

RS = 1
VS

C1

L4
C3

RL

1
1
L2 2

1.3036
2
K 12 C1 0.6482 1.8258

C1 Q 1.8258
1

1
C3 2

2.5865
2
K 23 L2 0.5446 1.3036
L4

1
2
34

K L4

0.6482 2.5865
2

0.9202

L4
RL
0.5039
Q
21

R1

L1

L2

1ohm

1.3035H

0.9022H

V1
1V 1000Hz 0Deg

C1

C2

R2

1.8258F

2.5865F

0.5039ohm

22

From MultiSim

23

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