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1st Order Lecture

This document introduces differential equations and their uses. It discusses that differential equations relate a dependent variable to an independent variable and its derivatives. The order of a differential equation is determined by the highest order derivative. First and second order differential equations are commonly used in engineering problems. There are different types of first order differential equations that are solved using different methods such as separation of variables, integrating factors, or direct integration depending on the structure of the equation. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving various first order differential equations.

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Iwuoha Maxrofuzo Chibueze
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35 views74 pages

1st Order Lecture

This document introduces differential equations and their uses. It discusses that differential equations relate a dependent variable to an independent variable and its derivatives. The order of a differential equation is determined by the highest order derivative. First and second order differential equations are commonly used in engineering problems. There are different types of first order differential equations that are solved using different methods such as separation of variables, integrating factors, or direct integration depending on the structure of the equation. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving various first order differential equations.

Uploaded by

Iwuoha Maxrofuzo Chibueze
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS
INTRODUCTION:

An ordinary
differential equation
is an equation or a
relationship between
an independent
variable X and
dependent variable Y

It is the order of the


derivatives that
determine the order of
the differential
equations. For example:
st

?1
order D.E

?
D.Es are used to
represent changing
quantities (variables)
Which frequently occur in

Scientific and Engineering


problems.
Many practical problems in
engineering give rise to 1st
and 2nd order D.Es.
Solutions of Diff Equations
In solving differential eqns,
we manipulate them so as to

eliminate all the derivatives


and leave a relationship
between the dependent
variable y and the
independent variable x.
There are different types of
1st order D.Es. The method
used

Solving them will depend


on the type of 1st order
equation being
considered.
Type1: These are
differential equations of
the form:

these are solved by direct


integration.

And integrating both sides


gives

.
.

This depends on the


ability to separate Y
terms from the X terms
to the form:
Example 3: Solve the
first order differential
equation

EX 4: Solve the differential


equation.
Example 5:

TYPE 3: These are first order


differential eqns of the form

3
Where P and Q are both
functions of x. They may
also be mere constants.

METHOD OF SOLUTION:
The Use Of Integrating
Factor. The approach to
this method is to always
multiply both sides of
the given 1st order linear
differential equation by
an integrating factor (I.F)

Ex 6: solve the D.E equation

Re-writing the given eqn


gives

Comparing this eqn with (1)

shows that

hence multiplying the given


Eqn. thru with
gives

Integrating both sides

A careful study of
eqn.1.31 shows that it
could be written as

This gives a formular we could


use to solve 1st order linear
D.Es of the type shown in 1.3.
.

Solution: Comparing the given


problem with eqn. 1.3 shows

that:

And using eqn. 1,3.2 i.e


.

And substituting known


values

.
.

Re-write the given


problem as

.
On application of eqn.
1.3 :
.

Assignment: solve the


1st order Differential
Equation:

Practice problem: Find the


particular solution of

Solution: rewrite the


problem

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