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    Taste Pathway

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    Lavanya Kalapala
    The gustatory pathway begins with taste receptors in taste buds located in the tongue and oral cavity. These receptors detect five basic tastes - sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. When a taste chemical binds to a receptor protein, it opens ion channels, causing depolarization. Taste information travels along the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves to the solitary nucleus in the medulla. It then projects to the cerebral cortex for perception and identification of different tastes. Disturbances can include ageusia (absence of taste), hypogeusia (diminished taste), or dysgeusia (distorted taste).

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    Taste Pathway

    Uploaded by

    Lavanya Kalapala
    937 views13 pages
    The gustatory pathway begins with taste receptors in taste buds located in the tongue and oral cavity. These receptors detect five basic tastes - sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. When a taste chemical binds to a receptor protein, it opens ion channels, causing depolarization. Taste information travels along the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves to the solitary nucleus in the medulla. It then projects to the cerebral cortex for perception and identification of different tastes. Disturbances can include ageusia (absence of taste), hypogeusia (diminished taste), or dysgeusia (distorted taste).

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    The gustatory pathway begins with taste receptors in taste buds located in the tongue and oral cavity. These receptors detect five basic tastes - sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. When a taste chemical binds to a receptor protein, it opens ion channels, causing depolarization. Taste information travels along the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves to the solitary nucleus in the medulla. It then projects to the cerebral cortex for perception and identification of different tastes. Disturbances can include ageusia (absence of taste), hypogeusia (diminished taste), or dysgeusia (distorted taste).

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    937 views13 pages

    Taste Pathway

    Uploaded by

    Lavanya Kalapala
    The gustatory pathway begins with taste receptors in taste buds located in the tongue and oral cavity. These receptors detect five basic tastes - sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. When a taste chemical binds to a receptor protein, it opens ion channels, causing depolarization. Taste information travels along the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves to the solitary nucleus in the medulla. It then projects to the cerebral cortex for perception and identification of different tastes. Disturbances can include ageusia (absence of taste), hypogeusia (diminished taste), or dysgeusia (distorted taste).

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 13

    The gustatory pathway

    The Special Senses

    Taste, smell, sight, hearing, and balance

    The Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell

    Taste gustation
    Smell olfaction
    Receptors classified as chemoreceptors
    Respond to chemicals

    Primary sensations of taste:


    There are specific chemicals that excite different taste receptors which are
    present in taste cells.
    -According to psychophysiologic & nurophysiologic studies:
    13 chemical receptors in taste cells- 2 na+ receptors
    2 k+ receptors
    1 chloride receptors
    1 adinosine receptor
    1 inosine receptor
    2 sweet receptors
    2 bitter receptors
    1 glutamate receptor
    1 hydrogen ion receptor

    Taste Gustation

    Taste receptors

    Occur in taste buds

    Most are found on the surface of the tongue


    Located within tongue papillae

    Taste Buds

    Collection of 50-100 epithelial cells


    Contain three major cell types
    Supporting cells
    Gustatory cells
    Basal cells

    Contain long microvilli extend through a taste pore


    Taste nerve fibers that are interwoven around the
    bodies of taste cells which are stimulated by the taste
    receptor cells.

    Taste Buds

    Taste Sensation and the Gustatory Pathway


    Four basic qualities of taste
    Sweet, sour, salty, and bitter
    A fifth taste umami deliciousness
    No structural difference among taste buds.
    1)Sour taste: caused by acids- hydrogen ion concentration. The more acidic the
    food , the stronger the food sensation
    2)Salty taste: by ionized salts- sodium ion concentration.
    Cations Na cations mainly responsible for the salty taste. Anions contribute to
    lesser extent.
    3)Sweet taste: not by single class of chemicals. Some are- sugars, glycols,
    alcohols, aldihydes, ketones, amides, esters, some aminoacids, some proteins,
    sulfonic acids.
    some inorganic salts are lead &beryllium.

    4)Bitter taste: not caused by single type of chemical


    agents.
    Entirely by organic substances-long chain organic
    substances contain nitrogen & alkaloides.
    Alkaloides include druges used in medicines such as
    quinone, caffine, nicotine.
    5)Umami taste: japaniece word means delicious.
    Plesent taste that is different from those.
    Contains L-glutamate such as meat extracts, ageing
    cheese.

    Mechanism of stimulation of taste buds:

    Binding of a taste chemical to a protein receptor molecule

    that lies on the outer surface of the taste receptor cell on


    villus membrane.
    This opens ion channels which allows positively charged
    Na+ ions or hydrogen ions to enter &depolarize the
    normal negativity of the cell.
    Then the taste chemical gradually washed away from the
    taste villi by the saliva.
    The type of receptor protein in taste villi determines the
    type of taste that will be perceived.

    Gustatory Pathway

    Taste information reaches the cerebral cortex

    Primarily through the facial (VII) and


    glossopharyngeal (IX) nerves
    Some taste information through the vagus nerve
    (X)
    Sensory neurons synapse in the medulla

    Located in the solitary nucleus

    Gustatory Pathway from Taste Buds

    Figure16.2

    ABNORMALITIES

    Ageusia: absence of sense of taste.


    Hypogeusia: diminished taste sensitivity.
    Dysgeusia: disturbed sense of taste.

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