Miscellaneous Viruses

Miscellaneo viruse
us
s
Papova
Parvo
Rubella
Rota
SARS
Slow viruses (Prions)
PAPOVAviruse
s
Papillomavirus &
Polyomavirus
Nonenveloped DNA viruses

Usually cause benign tumours /
asymptomatic infection in natural
hosts malignant tumours inoculate
Produce
when
d
into newborn mice / hamster
Polyomaviruses
Polyomaviruses latent infection in
mice
Produce wide variety of tumours

when inoculated into newborn
mice
First isolated from monkey
cel
kidney
SV40
cultures
Live viral vaccines to be

Oncogenic
in newborn hamsters
manufactured
in cell lines free of SV40
l
onl
y
Human Papilloma
Virus
(HPV)
and feet
Verruca vulgaris
seen on hands
children HPV 1, 2, 3, 4
Condyloma acuminatum
of
soft
moist,
pedunculated
warts on ext. genitalia,
transmitted, may turn malignant- 6, 1
sexually
HPV
1
HPV 6, 11 intraepithelial neoplasia
HPV 16, 18 Ca Cx
Human papilloma virus
Common
warts
type 1-4
HPV s
Papillomaviruses in impaired immunity

JC virus isolated from brain of patient
with
Hodgkins disease and PML
Produces malignant glioma when inoculated

intracerebrally in newborn hamsters
BK virus - isolated from urine of patient
with kidney transplant
Abs
to JC &
BK widelylatencyprevalentreactivated
in adults
infectio
Asymp
t.
n-
when
Parvovirus
Very small single stranded viru
DNA
s
Parvovirus B19
Fifth disease, Erythema infectiosum

Childhood exanthematous fever
Fever, erythematous rash,

lymphadenopathy, arthralgia
Aplastic crisis in children with
Infection
2nd/3rd trimester
haem.
anaemia
during
Detection
of virus in blood early/ Ab
later
Erythema infectiosum-Parvovirus
B19
Slapped cheek
appearance
Typical rash of
erythema infectiosum
Rubella ( German
Measles)
Gregg 1941- congenital
cataract
st trimester congenital
1
Inf. early in pregnancy- fetal death
malformations
Congenital
rubella cardiac defects,
cataract,
deafness
Expanded rubella syndrome- HSM,

Thrombocytopaenic purpura,
myocarditis, bone lesions

Infection later in pregnancy-
Enveloped single stranded RNA

virus
Rubivirus genus in Togaviridae
family
Route: inhalation
post
.
IP: 2-3 wks; rash; disappears in 3

days;
Diagnosis Isolation from blood / throat
cervical lymphadenopathy
swab
Viraemia from 7 days prior to
Serology: IgM / rise in titre by ELISA
rash
Live attenuated vaccine RA27/3 strain
grown in human diploid cell culture
Congenital Rubella
Classical triad
Congenital cataract
Deafness
Cardiac defects
Congenit Rubell
al
a
Viral diarrhea
Important cause of diarrhea in infants & children
Commonest viral agent-Rota virus
Rota-Wheel (latin)
El m/e Rot viru

a
s
Characteristic
appearance
-wheel with radiating
spokes
Rotavirus
Mode of spread
-Feco oral
2-5days
Maximal shedding of virus
occurs after onset of diarrhea
The virus can withstand drying, hence
can
survive on hands, fomites, toys etc.,
Outbreaks-Preschool and daycare centres
Pathogenesis & clinical features

Cytolytic infection of intestinal epithelium
Loss of electrolytes & prevention of reabsorption of

waterdehydration
Clinical features:
Children-Diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration
may be fatal in undernourished
children(group
Adults-Asymptomatic, mild diarrhea (group B)
A)
Laboratorydiagnosi
Detection of viral antigen-ELISA
A LA
s
Direct observation-El m/e
Serological studies (epidemiological purpose)

Viral isolation
Mode of control- Hand washing, isolation
- Vaccine on trial
Other viruses causing diarrhea

Adeno virus
Norwalk virus (1972)
Adeno virus 40 & 41(more in summer)
Astro virus (children)
Corona virus
SARS-Severe acute respiratory

syndrome
1 outbreak in Guangdong province of China Nov.2002

st
Feb.2003 Hong Kong,other parts of south east Asia,

Canada, USA etc.,
By July 2003, 30 countries were affected with over 800
deaths.
www.similima.com
20
-The virus was identified as a new Corona virus type 4

(? Due to recombination of some animal & human virus)
The virus has been isolated from wild Civets, Raccoon.
Mode of infection
Inhalation (respiratory droplets)

Fecal aerosols may be infectious
Incubation period 10 days
Clinical features
Fever,cough,dyspnea,occ.diarrhea
3-30% fatality
Death is due to respiratory failure
Control- Strict isolation

Treatment- No specific therapy.
This new causative agent was

identified and early control measures
were initiated by Dr. Carlo Urbani,
who died of SARS within a month.
PRION diseases (Pree..on)
Caused by an
abnormal protein called
PrPsc
It is devoid of nucleic
acid and highly
resistant
Prusiner to chemical
the
and
physical
coined
term agents
these
proteinaceous
PRION
forparticle.
infectious
Stanley Prusiner
Nobel Laureate(1997)
PRION diseases
HUMAN
CJD (Creutzfeldt-
Jacob
disease)
GSS (Gerstmann
straussler-Scheinker)
FFI (Fatal familial
insomnia)
Kuru
ANIMAL
Scrapie
(BSE) Bovine
spongiform
encephalopathy
Transmissible
mink
encephalopathy etc.,
Scrapie
Natural disease
Irritable with
intense pruritis
Finally paralysis and
death
BSE- Mad cow disease

1986-UK
By feeding of scrapie infected
meat
C/f-Loss of motor control,
stagger, dementia, Behavioural
changes
Transmission
Via infected tissue, or syndrome may be
inherited
Infection occurs through
-cuts in skin
-transplantation of contaminated
tissue (cornea)
-use of contd. Medical devices

-potentially by ingestion of infected tissue.
PRION diseases
Pathogenesis
The abnormal Prion protein accumulates in the brain
neuronal damage ensues
spongiform degeneration results
NormalGray matter
Vacuolisation in BSE
CJD
-Progressive dementia
-can occur in
-Sporadic forms
-Inherited forms
-Iatrogenic (foll. corneal transplant etc.,)
-variant CJD affects younger people
-?due to eating of BSE infected meat
-has atypical features (psychiatric symptoms
etc.,)
31
Kuru
Seen
in New Guinea islands
Mainly in women & children

Due to cannibalism
Disease has disappeared
following abolition of
cannibalism
Modes of control
For CJD & GSS
All neurosurgical tools to be disinfected in
5% hypochlorite solution or 2M NaOH
or autoclaving at131oC for 11/2 hrs.
For vCJD
Avoid eating infected meat products
PRION diseases are classified

under
Group B Slow virus diseases
Other slow virus diseases- SSPE (foll.Measles) Group C
Characteristic features of slow virus diseases

Long incubation periods
Cause vacuolation of neurons
Loss of motor control, dementia.
Lack antigenicity & immune
response
Have genetic predisposition

Invariably fatal termination
34
Than
k
yo
u
35

Miscellaneous Viruses

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Miscellaneous Viruses

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Miscellaneous Viruses

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Miscellaneo viruse

Nonenveloped DNA viruses

Produce wide variety of tumours

Live viral vaccines to be

Human papilloma virus

Papillomaviruses in impaired immunity

Produces malignant glioma when inoculated

Fifth disease, Erythema infectiosum

Fever, erythematous rash,

Expanded rubella syndrome- HSM,

myocarditis, bone lesions

Enveloped single stranded RNA

IP: 2-3 wks; rash; disappears in 3

Important cause of diarrhea in infants & children

Commonest viral agent-Rota virus

El m/e Rot viru

Pathogenesis & clinical features

Loss of electrolytes & prevention of reabsorption of

Serological studies (epidemiological purpose)

Other viruses causing diarrhea

SARS-Severe acute respiratory

1 outbreak in Guangdong province of China Nov.2002

Feb.2003 Hong Kong,other parts of south east Asia,

-The virus was identified as a new Corona virus type 4

The virus has been isolated from wild Civets, Raccoon.

Inhalation (respiratory droplets)

Control- Strict isolation

This new causative agent was

PRION diseases (Pree..on)

BSE- Mad cow disease

Infection occurs through

-use of contd. Medical devices

in New Guinea islands

Mainly in women & children

PRION diseases are classified

Characteristic features of slow virus diseases

Have genetic predisposition

You might also like