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Chemical Engineering Plant Design (Che-441) : Dr. Imran Hassan

This document discusses plant design and layout for chemical engineering. It covers several key areas: plant layout considerations like construction costs and arrangement of processing, storage, and handling areas; factors that influence plant layout such as site conditions, production needs, and safety; plant operation and control through instrumentation and automatic systems; and maintenance needs. Utilities, storage, material handling, and flowsheet development are also addressed. The document provides an overview of important aspects of chemical plant design.

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Hassan Khalid
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151 views24 pages

Chemical Engineering Plant Design (Che-441) : Dr. Imran Hassan

This document discusses plant design and layout for chemical engineering. It covers several key areas: plant layout considerations like construction costs and arrangement of processing, storage, and handling areas; factors that influence plant layout such as site conditions, production needs, and safety; plant operation and control through instrumentation and automatic systems; and maintenance needs. Utilities, storage, material handling, and flowsheet development are also addressed. The document provides an overview of important aspects of chemical plant design.

Uploaded by

Hassan Khalid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

PLANT DESIGN (CHE-441)


Dr. Imran Hassan

PLANT LAYOUT
After the process flow diagrams and before
detailed PID must planned:
Structural and electrical design
Layout of process units in a plant
Equipment within these process units

Plant layout plays an important part in


determining:
Construction and manufacturing costs

There is no one ideal plant layout, so several


problems may arise
Plant layout includes arrangements of processing
areas, storages areas and handling areas
Consideration of the safe operational sequence
Primary layout based on the flow of materials

Model of Plant Layout

Software
AUTOCAD 3D

Factors Consideration for Plant Layout


New site development or addition to previously
developed site
Type and quantity of product to be produced

Types of process and product control


Operational convenience and accessibility

Economic distribution of utilities and services


Types of building required and building code
requirements
Health and safety consideration
Waste disposal requirements
Auxiliary equipment
Space available and space required
Roads and Railroads
Possible future expansion

Plant Operation and Control


Instrumentation
Instruments are used in the chemical industry to measure process
variables,
Temperature
Pressure
Density
Viscosity
Specific heat
Conductivity
pH
Humidity
Dew point
Liquid level
Flow rate
Chemical composition
Moisture content..

Automatic control is the normal throughout the chemical industry


Control is achieved through the use of high-speed computers
Control room is used for the indication, recording, and regulation of
the process variables

Instrumentation
Panel boards present a graphical
representation of the process and have the
instrument controls and indicators
Helps to operator
To quickly become familiar with instrument
readings
To rapid location identification of any problem

Maintenance
Many of the problems of maintenance are caused by a lack of original design and layout of plant and
equipment
There should be sufficient space for maintenance work on equipment and facilities.
A compact system of piping, valves and equipment may be easy for the operator to operate but
maintenance may require costly and time consuming dismantling operations.

Utilities

Power can be transmitted in various forms such as:


Mechanical energy
Electrical energy
Heat energy
Pressure energy.
The engineer should recognize the different methods and chose best one
Decision must be made on whether to use purchased power or have the
plant set up its own power unit
Sources of water (Own or Municipal)

Storage
Storage facilities are essential for:

Raw materials
Intermediate products
Final products
Recycle materials
Off-grade materials
Fuels

Liquids is generally handled by closed spherical or


cylindrical tanks. Vapor pressure, an important
criterion.
Gases are stored at atmospheric pressure in wet
or dry seal gas holders
Solid products and raw materials are either stored
in weather-tight tanks with sloping floors or in

Material Handling
Liquids and gases are handled by means of pumps and
blowers, pipes, ducts and in containers such as drums,
cylinders.
Solids may be handled by conveyors, bucket elevators, lift
trucks, and pneumatic systems.
Factors that must be considered in selecting equipment
include:
1. Chemical and physical nature of material being handled
2. Type and distance of movement of material
3. Quantity of material moved per unit time
4. Continuous or batch nature of materials handling
Materials-handling problems are:
Corrosion
Fire
Heat damage
Explosion

Flowsheet Development
Block Flow Diagrams (BFD)
Process Flow Diagrams (PFD's)
Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams
(P&ID's)

10

Biomass/Coal Gasification
Block Diagram

11

Biomass/Coal Gasification
Process Flow Diagram

12

Biomass/Coal Gasification
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

13

Categories of Drawings
ELO 1.3 - List the five drawing categories of engineering
drawings.
Five basic types of engineering drawings:
1. Piping and instrumentation drawings (P&IDs)
2. Electrical single lines and schematics
3. Electronic diagrams and schematics
4. Logic diagrams and prints
5. Fabrication, construction, and architectural drawings

ELO 1.3

Piping and Instrumentation


Drawings (P&IDs)
P&IDs - present functional
information about system or
component
Piping layout
Flowpaths
Pumps
Valves
Instruments
Signal modifiers
Controllers

Figure: Piping and Instrumentation Diagram


(P&ID)

ELO 1.3

Piping and Instrumentation


Drawings (P&IDs)
P&IDs do not usually have drawing scale
Present only relationship or sequence between components
Only shows information on how system functions
Does not present actual physical relationships between
components in system
P&IDs provide most concise format for how system should function

Used extensively in operation, repairs, and


modifications

ELO 1.3

Electrical Single Line Drawings


Present functional
information about
electrical design of system
or component
Same type of information
about electrical systems
that P&IDs provide for
piping systems
Like P&IDs, not usually
drawn to scale
Examples:

ELO 1.3

Figure: Single Line Electrical Diagram

Electrical Schematics
Provide more detailed information than single lines

Such as relays, relay contacts, fuses, motors, lights, and instrument


sensors
Examples of typical schematics:
Valve actuating circuits
Motor start circuits
Breaker circuits

ELO 1.3

Electronic Diagrams and Schematics


Electronic diagrams and schematics are
designed to present information about
individual components used in a circuit

Such as resistors,
transistors, and capacitors
Used by circuit designers and electronics
repair personnel
Figure: Electronic Diagram

ELO 1.3

Logic Diagrams
Logic diagrams and prints depict several types of information
Most commonly used to provide simplified functional representation of an electrical circuit
Do not replace schematics, easier to use in certain applications

Figure: Logic Print


ELO 1.3

Fabrication, Construction, and


Architectural Drawings
Provide detailed information required to construct or fabricate part,
system, or structure
Three types of drawings differ in application as opposed to any real
differences in drawings themselves

Fabrication, construction, and architectural


Fabrication drawings - similar to construction and architectural
drawing
Usually found in machine shops
Provide necessary details for craftsman to fabricate parts

Construction drawings - commonly referred to as


blueprint drawings
Present details required to assemble structure on site
ELO 1.3

Fabrication, Construction,
and Architectural Drawings

Architectural drawings - present information about conceptual design


of building or structure
House plans
Building elevations (outside view of each side of structure)
Equipment installation drawings
Foundation drawings
Equipment assembly drawings

ELO 1.3

Fabrication, Construction, and


Architectural Drawings
All three types of drawings, fabrication,
construction, and architectural, are usually
drawn to scale.

Figure: Fabrication Drawing


ELO 1.3

Categories of Drawings
Knowledge Check
Which of the following types of engineering drawings are designed to
present information about the individual components (resistors,
transistors, and capacitors) used in an electrical circuit?
A. Electronic diagram
B. Electrical Single Line diagram
C. Logic diagram
D. Piping and Instrumentation diagram

Correct answer is A.
ELO 1.3

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