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    Hydrolysis of Nucleic Acids

    Uploaded by

    Victor Emmanuel Azucena
    The document describes hydrolysis of nucleic acids. It explains that hydrolysis breaks bonds in molecules using water, and can cleave the sugar, phosphate backbone, or bases of nucleic acids. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis occurs only in RNA, while acid-catalyzed hydrolysis causes depurination and cleavage of phosphodiester bonds. Qualitative tests were performed on DNA, RNA, and their hydrolysates to identify components. While some tests indicated pure nucleic acids were not obtained from yeast and onion, the document concluded that acid and base hydrolysis of nucleic acids yields expected products, and the qualitative tests aided understanding of nucleic acid hydrolysis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Hydrolysis of Nucleic Acids

    Uploaded by

    Victor Emmanuel Azucena
    466 views25 pages
    The document describes hydrolysis of nucleic acids. It explains that hydrolysis breaks bonds in molecules using water, and can cleave the sugar, phosphate backbone, or bases of nucleic acids. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis occurs only in RNA, while acid-catalyzed hydrolysis causes depurination and cleavage of phosphodiester bonds. Qualitative tests were performed on DNA, RNA, and their hydrolysates to identify components. While some tests indicated pure nucleic acids were not obtained from yeast and onion, the document concluded that acid and base hydrolysis of nucleic acids yields expected products, and the qualitative tests aided understanding of nucleic acid hydrolysis.

    Original Description:

    Nucleic acid: RNA and DNA

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    The document describes hydrolysis of nucleic acids. It explains that hydrolysis breaks bonds in molecules using water, and can cleave the sugar, phosphate backbone, or bases of nucleic acids. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis occurs only in RNA, while acid-catalyzed hydrolysis causes depurination and cleavage of phosphodiester bonds. Qualitative tests were performed on DNA, RNA, and their hydrolysates to identify components. While some tests indicated pure nucleic acids were not obtained from yeast and onion, the document concluded that acid and base hydrolysis of nucleic acids yields expected products, and the qualitative tests aided understanding of nucleic acid hydrolysis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    466 views25 pages

    Hydrolysis of Nucleic Acids

    Uploaded by

    Victor Emmanuel Azucena
    The document describes hydrolysis of nucleic acids. It explains that hydrolysis breaks bonds in molecules using water, and can cleave the sugar, phosphate backbone, or bases of nucleic acids. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis occurs only in RNA, while acid-catalyzed hydrolysis causes depurination and cleavage of phosphodiester bonds. Qualitative tests were performed on DNA, RNA, and their hydrolysates to identify components. While some tests indicated pure nucleic acids were not obtained from yeast and onion, the document concluded that acid and base hydrolysis of nucleic acids yields expected products, and the qualitative tests aided understanding of nucleic acid hydrolysis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    HYDROLYSIS OF

    NUCLEIC ACIDS
    Group 8

    Objectives
    To
    To

    be able to prepare a hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed DNA and RNA

    be able to perform qualitative tests to determine the


    characteristics of nucleic acid present

    THEORIES

    Hydrolysis
    Breaking
    Site

    of a bond in a molecule using water.

    of cleavage: sugar, phosphate backbone, or in the base

    Result:

    purine and pyrimidine bases, oligonucleotide, nucleosides,


    ribose or deoxyribose, and phosphate.

    Base-catalyzed hydrolysis
    Occurs in RNA
    Hydroxyl ion assist a
    nucleophilic attack on
    the 2 hydroxyl group
    on the phosphorus
    yields intermediate
    cyclic-2,3phosphonucleosides
    that hydrolyze to
    nucleoside-2phosphates and
    nucleoside-3phosphates
    UNSTABLE
    Use of water to stabilize
    forming 2 or 3
    nucleoside

    Acid-catalysed Hydrolysis
    Causes depurination
    Cleaves the purine Nglycosyl bonds
    Adenine and guanine
    are liberated and
    apurinic site remains.
    Some phosphodiester
    bond are cleaved
    Much harsher and
    acidic is required to
    remove pyrimidine Nglycosides

    QUALITATIVE TEST
    DATA

    DNA
    Test

    Control

    DNA

    Acid
    Hydrolysate

    Base
    Hydrolysate

    Benedicts Test

    Sky blue

    Sky blue

    Sky blue

    Sky blue

    Orcinol Test

    Rusty brown

    Light brown

    Yellow brown

    Deoxyribose

    White soln
    with brown ppt

    Red soln with


    brown ppt

    White soln
    with brown ppt.

    Purine bases

    Cloudy
    lavender to
    clear solution
    with white ppt

    Clear solution
    with White
    precipitate

    Clear soln with


    brown ppt

    Uracil and
    Cytosine

    clear solution

    More cloudy

    Bright yellow
    to clear
    solution(Ba(OH
    )2

    Biuret Test

    Light blue

    Light blue

    Light blue

    Xanthoproteic

    Light yellow

    Clear solution

    Light yellow

    RNA
    Test

    RNA

    Acid Hydrolysate

    Base Hydrolysate

    Benedicts Test

    Sky blue

    Apple green

    Sky blue

    Orcinol Test

    Dark bue-green

    Dark green with


    black particles
    solution

    Dark blue-green

    Deoxyribose

    White cloudy with


    brown ppt

    Red solution with


    brown ppt

    Layer of orange,
    white and brown
    solutionwith brown
    ppt.

    Purine bases

    Cloudy dirty white


    soln

    Light pink soln with


    brown ppt

    Clear soln with black


    ppt

    Uracil and Cytosine

    More cloudy

    Cloudy white

    cloudy white

    Biuret Test

    Light purple

    Light purple

    Light blue

    Xanthoproteic Test

    Bright yellow

    Light yellow

    Bright yellow

    Inorganic Phosphate

    sample

    BenedictsTest

    Orcinol test

    Test for deoxyribose

    Test for Purine bases

    Test for uracil and cytosine

    Biuret test

    Xanthoproteic test

    ANSWERS TO
    QUESTIONS

    How can intact DNA be obtained


    from a solution of DNA and RNA
    Dna

    could be obtained from a solution of DNA and


    RNA by using a base-catalyzed hydrolysis, since in
    alkaline solution RNA is destabilized forming
    nucleosides while the DNA remains stable and
    intact.

    Based on the qualitative test, How can you


    differentiate hydrolyzed from unhydrolyzed RNA
    Hydrolized

    Rna is positive for orcinol test, test for purine


    bases, biuret test, xanthoproteic test.

    -acid-catalalyzed hydrolysis: presence of pentoses,


    pyrimidines, and
    phosphoric acid
    - base-catalysed hydrolysis: only for pentoses and
    pyrimidines.
    Unhydrolized

    Rna is only positive for phosphate test.

    Based on this experimental result, do you think


    you obtained pure RNA from yeast? Why or Why
    not?
    We

    were not able to obtain pure Rna from yeast because of the
    positive result from our xanthoproteic and biuret tests

    Based on these experimental result, do you think


    you obtained pure DNA from onion? Why or why
    not?
    We

    were not able to obtain pure DNA because of the positive test
    of xanthoproteic on our DNA samples.

    CONCLUSION

    Base-catalysed

    hydrolysis occurs only in RNA

    Acid

    hydrolysis of nucleic acids yeilds purines, pyrimidine bases


    and phosphoric acid

    Despite

    the errors in the hydrolysis and qualitative test experiment


    we have understood the nucleic acid hydrolysis

    Reference:
    http://

    www.scribd.com/doc/38672208/Hydrolysis-of-Nucleic-Acids#scribd

    http://

    www.chem.uky.edu/courses/che554/5_MolBio/NucleicAcidTechnology
    IntroChpt.pdf

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