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General Knowledge On Computer Hardware & Networking System

This document provides information about computer hardware and networking systems. It discusses the main components of a computer including the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drives, power supply, and I/O slots. It also describes the identification and troubleshooting of these hardware components. The document concludes with an overview of the network infrastructure at JK Paper, including their use of LAN, WAN, ERP servers, firewalls, and voice over IP systems to connect offices.

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115 views37 pages

General Knowledge On Computer Hardware & Networking System

This document provides information about computer hardware and networking systems. It discusses the main components of a computer including the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drives, power supply, and I/O slots. It also describes the identification and troubleshooting of these hardware components. The document concludes with an overview of the network infrastructure at JK Paper, including their use of LAN, WAN, ERP servers, firewalls, and voice over IP systems to connect offices.

Uploaded by

psk.pranesh5520
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Knowledge on

Computer Hardware
&
Networking System

FLOW DIAGRAM OF PC
COMPUTER IS AN ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING UNIT
USED FOR CALCULATION AND ENTERTAINMENT
THE COMPUTER IS DIVIDED IN TO 3 PART

INPUT

PROCESS

OUTPUT

Key Board

Mother Board

Printer

Mouse

CPU

Plotter

Joy Stick

RAM / ROM

Monitor

Scanner

Hard Disk/FDD
I/O Cards

MOTHER BOARDS
The motherboard is the main circuit board of your computer.
It is also known as the mainboard or logic board.
In the motherboard, you'll find the CPU, ROM, memory RAM expansion
slots, PCI slots, and USB ports.
It also includes controllers for devices like the hard drive, DVD drive,
keyboard, and mouse.
Each motherboard has a collection of chips and controllers known as the
chipset.
Basically, the motherboard is what makes everything in your computer
work together.

PROCESSOR IDENTIFICATION
CPU

CLOCK SPEED

MODEL

8085

1.5MHz 4.7MHz

XT

286

4.7MHz 33MHz

AT

386

33MHz 66MHz

AT

486

66MHz 120MHz

AT

PI

120MHz 233MHz

AT

PII

233MHz 450MHz

AT

PIII

450MHz 1.1GHz

AT

PIV

1.1GHz 4.7GHz

ATX

MEMORY UNIT
Computer

memory is divided into


two parts i.e. Primary memory
and Secondary memory
Primary Memories
RAM: Two type SIM and DIM
Types of DIM are SD, RD, DDR1/2/3

ROM
Secondary

Memories

Hard Drive/Disk

IDENTIFICATION OF RAM
SIMM
IT SUPPORTS UPTO 286 & 386 MOTHER BOARDS
MAXIMUM CAPACITY 1MB, 2MB, 4MB
DIMM
IT SUPPORTS UPTO 486 & P-1 MOTHER BOARDS
MAXIMUM CAPACITY 8MB, 16MB, 32MB, 64MB, 128MB
SD RAM
IT SUPPORTS UPTO P-1, P-2 & P-3 MOTHER BOARDS
MAXIMUM CAPACITY 32MB, 64MB, 128MB, 256MB
DDR 1, DDR 2, DDR 3
IT SUPPORTS UPTO P-4 MOTHER BOARDS
MAXIMUM CAPACITY 256MB, 512MB, 1GB, 4GB, 8GB

IDENTIFICATION OF HDD
IED
40 PIN D TYPE MALE CONNECTOR
MAXIMUM CAPACITY 10GB, 20GB, 40GB, 80GB, 160GB
MAXIMUM PARTITION C DRIVE TO Z DRIVE
SATA
8 PIN D TYPE MALE CONNECTOR
MAXIMUM CAPACITY 40GB, 80GB, 160GB, 260GB, 320GB, 500GB,
1TB, 2TB
MAXIMUM PARTITION C DRIVE TO Z DRIVE
SCSI
80 PIN D TYPE MALE CONNECTOR
MAXIMUM CAPACITY 40GB, 80GB, 160GB, 260GB, 320GB, 500GB,
1TB, 2TB ..
MAXIMUM PARTITION UNLIMITED AND MAINLY USED FOR SERVER

IED HARD DISK

SATA HARD DISK

SCSI HARD DISK

USB HARD DISK

IDENTIFICATION OF I/O
SLOT
ISA SLOTS
16 BIT SLOT
COLOUR IS BLACK
IT USE DIFFERENT I/O CARDS
EXAMPLE SOUND CARD, DISPLAY CARD, IED CARD etc.
PCI SLOTS
32 BIT, 64 BIT SLOT
COLOR IS WHITE
IT USE DIFFERENT I/O CARDS
EXAMPLE SOUND CARD, DISPLAY CARD, IED CARD etc.
AGP SLOTS
ACCELERATED GRAPHIC PORT USED FOR HIGH GRAPHICS
64 BIT SLOT
COLOUR IS BROWN
IT USE ONLY GRAPHICS I/O CARDS

IDENTIFICATION OF I/O
CARD
SOUND CARD
IT IS 16BIT, 32BIT CARD
IT HOUSES MIC IN, SOUND IN, SOUND OUT & JOY STICK FOR VIDEO
GAMES
DISPLAY CARD
IT IS 16BIT, 32BIT, 64BIT CARD
IT IS 15 PIN D-TYPE FEMALE CONNECTORN USED FOR GRAPHICS
LAN CARD
IT IS 16BIT, 32BIT CARD
IT IS A RJ-45 CONNECTOR
IT IS USED FOR LOCAL AREA NETWORKING

IDENTIFICATION OF I/O
CARD
USB CARD
IT IS 133BIT, 233BIT,266BIT CARD
ONE USB SLOT WILL SUPPORT 136 DIFFERENT DEVISES LIKE
USB HARD DISK
USB PEN DRIVE
USB PRINTER
USB SCANNER
USB KEY BOARD/MOUSE
USB CAMERA etc..

IDENTIFICATION OF SMPS
AT ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
IT IS USED UPTO P-3 COMPUTERS
12 PIN CONNECTOR
RED COLOUR IS +5 VOLT (USED FOR MOTHER BOARD IC)
YELLOW COLOUR IS +12 VOLT (USED FOR MOTORS LIKE HARD
DISK, CPU FAN)
ORANGE COLOR IS +5 VOLT (USED FOR ONLY CPU)
IT IS MANUAL SHUT DOWN

IDENTIFICATION OF SMPS
ATX ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY EXTENDED
IT IS USED UPTO P-4 COMPUTERS
20 PIN CONNECTOR
RED COLOUR IS +5 VOLT (USED FOR MOTHER BOARD IC)
YELLOW COLOUR IS +12 VOLT (USED FOR MOTORS LIKE HARD
DISK, CPU FAN)
ORANGE COLOR IS +5 VOLT (USED FOR ONLY CPU)
IT IS AUTOMATIC SHUT DOWN

TROUBLESHOOT OF
HARDWARE
THE COMPUTER IS NOT POWER ON
1. CHECK THE POWER CABLE
2. CHECK THE ON OFF SWITCH
3. SMPS MAY BE FAULTY
NO DISPLAY BUT COMPUTER IS ON
1. CHECK THE NUM LOCK KEY
1) IF WORKING COMPUTER IS OK CHECK MONITOR POWER
CABLE AND MONITOR DISPLAY CABLE
2) IF NOT WORKING
1) RAM MAY BE DUSTY OR FAULTY
2) MOTHER BOARD BATTERY MAY REQUIRE REPLACEMENT
3) MOTHER BOARD MAY BE FAULTY
4) CPU MAY BE FAULTY

TROUBLESHOOT OF
HARDWARE
DISK BOOT FAILURE
1. HARD DISK CABLE MAY BE LOOSE OR FAULTY
2. POWER CONNECTOR MAY BE LOOSE
3. HARD DISK MAY BE CRASHED
FDD FAILURE
1. IF SHOWING MESSAGE FLOPY DRIVE FAILURE MESSAGE 40
THEN FLOPY DRIVE CABLE OR POWER CONNECTOR LOOSE
CONNECTION
2. IF SHOWING MESSAGE FLOPY DRIVE FAILURE MESSAGE 80
THEN MOTHERBOARD PORT PROBLEM

TROUBLESHOOT OF
HARDWARE
SYSTEM SLOW / HANG
1. CHECK THE SPACE AVAILABLE IN C-DRIVE. IF LESS SPACE
AVAILABLE THEN MOVE THE DATA FILES TO OTHER DRIVE
2. MULTI TASKING A LOTS OF PROGRAMS/FILES OPENED
3. CHEK THE TEMPORARY FILES IF MORE DELETE IT.
4. CHEK THE FILES IN DESKTOP IF MORE FILES OR BIG SIZE FILE
AVAILABLE THE SHIFT IT TO OTHE DRIVE.
5. HARD DISK MAY BE BAD SECTOR
6. RAM / CPU CAPACITY MAY BE LOW
7. CPU FAN MAY NOT RUNNING PROPERLY
8. VIRUS PROBLEM
9. TOO MANY UNWANTED SOFTWARE

TROUBLESHOOT OF
HARDWARE
BEEP SOUND
1. SINGLE BEEP BUT NO DISPLAY COMPUTER IS OK MONITOR IS
FAULTY OR MONITOR DATA CABLE IS LOOSE
2. CONTINEOUS SHORT BEEP RAM DAUSTY OR FAULTY
3. ONE LONG BEEP AND TWO SHORT BEEP DISPLAY CARD
PROBLEM.
4. CONTENEOUS LONG BEEP PROCESSOR FAULTY.

WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

Always switch off PC and Monitor at the end of the day


Before using External storage media like Pen Drives, Ext.
HDD etc. scan them thoroughly to ensure that they are
virus free.
PC / Laptop should be protected by bios password locks,
logon passwords, screen saver passwords or other
controls when not in use
Sensitive or classified information, when printed, should
be cleared from printers immediately and print out of
wrong copies should be destroyed
Important files and documents (not relevant to present
discussions) should be kept away when meeting with
outside people
Remember to clean up the RECYCLE BIN on regular basis
Clear the temporary files regularly
Keep a close watch on Anti Virus update on your system
Scan your system for viruses once in a week

WHAT SHOULD NOT DO

Never switch off the PC / Laptop without proper


shutdown.
Never share any of your local drives or directory with
full permission. As this is one of the main causes of
virus attack.
Try to avoid closing Mail Program if the outbox contains
any pending mail.
Never download and install software from internet
without appropriate knowledge and understanding.
Never let any liquid, eatables or pins etc. fall in the
keyboard.
Never remove the jammed paper from printer roughly
or forcefully. It may leave tiny paper piece inside the
fuser assembly or damage the printer parts.
Never leave PC / Laptop logged on or unattended
Never document or communicate Passwords to others
Never try to re-locate your PC on your own

What we have added in 2009-10 as


per Business need
Particulars

Before

After

Increment

Personal Computer

280

320

40

Laptop

14

26

12

LaserJet Printer

52

95

43

Internet Facilities

105

160

55

E-Mail @ jkpm

180

237

57

ERP User

230

307

77

Data Backup Server

120

205

85

LAN & WAN


LAN
No Data Loss
Speed in Data Flow
Reduction in Hardware cost through wireless
Less breakdown

WAN
Connecting all branches
ERP System, Video Conference, Audio Conference, Data Transfer,
E-Mail Facility and Internet Browsing in all the Branches is possible
through Reliance and TULIP Connection.

Network Diagram of JK Paper


Interne
t

Router

Firewall

ERP Servers

HO

IDS

Voice Over IP
Call Manager

Router

10 Mbps
Tulip Network

IP Phone

2M
bp
s

VC

Router

Reliance

s
2 Mbp

ATA

Network

Router

Router
Router

VC
VC

JKPM

East zone

VC

CPM

West
zone

South
zone

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