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Generalized Hooke's Law: Z y X X

1) Generalized Hooke's law relates normal strains to normal stresses in a linear relationship for small deformations, accounting for interactions between stress components. 2) Volumetric strain (dilatation) is related to normal stresses and pressure, and the bulk modulus describes the relationship between pressure and volume change. 3) Shear strain is proportional to shear stress, as described by the shear modulus. 4) The elastic moduli - Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio - are related through their definitions based on deformation under loading.

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29 views6 pages

Generalized Hooke's Law: Z y X X

1) Generalized Hooke's law relates normal strains to normal stresses in a linear relationship for small deformations, accounting for interactions between stress components. 2) Volumetric strain (dilatation) is related to normal stresses and pressure, and the bulk modulus describes the relationship between pressure and volume change. 3) Shear strain is proportional to shear stress, as described by the shear modulus. 4) The elastic moduli - Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio - are related through their definitions based on deformation under loading.

Uploaded by

Anonymous kRfQgX
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Generalized Hookes Law

For an element subjected to multiaxial loading, the normal strain


components resulting from the stress
components may be determined from
the principle of superposition. This
requires:
1) strain is linearly related to stress
are small
2)
Withdeformations
these restrictions:

x y z
x

E
E
E
x y z
y

E
E
E
x y z
z

E
E
E
2-1

Dilatation:
Bulk
Modulus
Relative to the unstressed state, the change
1 1 is
in evolume
x 1 y 1 z 1 1 x y z
x y z

1 2
x y z
E

dilatation (change in volume per unit volume)

For element subjected to uniform


p
31 2pressure,
hydrostatic
e p
E

E
bulk modulus
31 2

Subjected to uniform pressure, dilatation


must be negative, therefore
0 12

Shearing Strain
A cubic element subjected to a shear
stress will deform into a rhomboid. The
corresponding shear strain is quantified in
terms of the change in angle between the
sides,
f
xy

xy

A plot of shear stress vs. shear strain is


similar the previous plots of normal stress
vs. normal strain except that the strength
values are approximately half. For small
strains,
G
G
G
xy

xy

yz

yz

zx

zx

where G is the modulus of rigidity or


shear modulus.
2-3

Relation Among E, and G


An axially loaded slender bar will
elongate in the axial direction
and contract in the transverse
directions.
An initially cubic element oriented
as in top figure will deform into a
rectangular parallelepiped. The
axial load produces a normal
strain.
If the cubic element is oriented as
in the bottom figure, it will deform
into a rhombus. Axial load also
results in a shear strain.
Components of normal and shear
strain are related,
E
1
2G
2-4

E
(1 ) x y z
1 1 2
E
y
x (1 ) y z
1 1 2
E
z
x y (1 ) z
1 1 2
E
E
xy G xy :G
; xy
xy
21
21
E
xy
xy
21
E
yz
yz
21
E
zx
zx
21

x

y
z


1 1 2
xy

yz

zx

1 v

0
0

0
0

0
0
0

0
1 2
2

1 2

0
2

0
0

0 y

0 z
xy
0 yz

1 2 zx

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