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    Synchronous Counters

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    Nikunj Godhani
    1. JOB DESCRIPTIONS BY MANISHA [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 1m 2. FLOW OF PRESENTATION  Introduction  Definition  Importance  Content  How to write job description?  Purpose of job description  Uses of job description  [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 2m 3. Continue… DisadvantagesConclusion Review of topic [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 3m 4. introduction The data collected through job analysis provides the basis for preparing job description and job specifications. Job description is a written description of a job and the types of duties it includes. Since there is no standard format for job descriptions, they tend to vary in appearance and content from one organization to [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 4m 5. Continue… However, most job descriptions will contain at least three parts: the job title, a job identification section and a job duties section. If the job specifications are not prepared as a separate document, they are usually stated in the concluding section of the job description. Highlight in HRM 1 shows a job description for an HR employment [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 5m

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Synchronous Counters

    Uploaded by

    Nikunj Godhani
    21 views8 pages
    1. JOB DESCRIPTIONS BY MANISHA [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 1m 2. FLOW OF PRESENTATION  Introduction  Definition  Importance  Content  How to write job description?  Purpose of job description  Uses of job description  [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 2m 3. Continue… DisadvantagesConclusion Review of topic [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 3m 4. introduction The data collected through job analysis provides the basis for preparing job description and job specifications. Job description is a written description of a job and the types of duties it includes. Since there is no standard format for job descriptions, they tend to vary in appearance and content from one organization to [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 4m 5. Continue… However, most job descriptions will contain at least three parts: the job title, a job identification section and a job duties section. If the job specifications are not prepared as a separate document, they are usually stated in the concluding section of the job description. Highlight in HRM 1 shows a job description for an HR employment [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 5m

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    1. JOB DESCRIPTIONS BY MANISHA [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 1m 2. FLOW OF PRESENTATION  Introduction  Definition  Importance  Content  How to write job description?  Purpose of job description  Uses of job description  [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 2m 3. Continue… DisadvantagesConclusion Review of topic [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 3m 4. introduction The data collected through job analysis provides the basis for preparing job description and job specifications. Job description is a written description of a job and the types of duties it includes. Since there is no standard format for job descriptions, they tend to vary in appearance and content from one organization to [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 4m 5. Continue… However, most job descriptions will contain at least three parts: the job title, a job identification section and a job duties section. If the job specifications are not prepared as a separate document, they are usually stated in the concluding section of the job description. Highlight in HRM 1 shows a job description for an HR employment [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 5m

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    21 views8 pages

    Synchronous Counters

    Uploaded by

    Nikunj Godhani
    1. JOB DESCRIPTIONS BY MANISHA [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 1m 2. FLOW OF PRESENTATION  Introduction  Definition  Importance  Content  How to write job description?  Purpose of job description  Uses of job description  [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 2m 3. Continue… DisadvantagesConclusion Review of topic [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 3m 4. introduction The data collected through job analysis provides the basis for preparing job description and job specifications. Job description is a written description of a job and the types of duties it includes. Since there is no standard format for job descriptions, they tend to vary in appearance and content from one organization to [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 4m 5. Continue… However, most job descriptions will contain at least three parts: the job title, a job identification section and a job duties section. If the job specifications are not prepared as a separate document, they are usually stated in the concluding section of the job description. Highlight in HRM 1 shows a job description for an HR employment [email protected] BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 5m

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    of 8

    SYNCHRONOUS

    COUNTERS

    Synchronous Counter
    Clock pulses are applied to the input of all flip-

    flops.
    Common clock trigger all flip-flops
    simultaneously
    T=0 or J=K=0 (flip-flop does not change
    state)
    T=1 or J=K=1 (flip-flop complements)

    Types of Synchronous Counters


    Binary Counter
    Up-Down Binary Counter
    BCD Counter
    Binary Counter with Parallel Load

    a. Binary Counter
    The flip-flop in the

    least significant position


    is
    complemented
    in
    every pulse.
    A flip-flop in any other
    position
    is
    complemented when all
    the bits in the lower
    significant positions are
    equal to 1.
    If J and K = 0 (state of
    the counter does not
    change), however if it is
    = 1 counter is enabled.

    b. Up-Down
    Binary Counter
    A synchronous countdown

    binary counter goes through


    the binary states in reverse
    order.
    A bit in any other position is
    complemented if all lower
    significant bits are equal to 0.
    Up input = 1 (circuit counts
    up), Down input = 1 (circuit
    counts down).
    Both inputs = 0 (circuit
    does not change), however if
    it is = 1 (circuit counts up).

    c. BCD Counter
    A BCD counts in binary-coded decimal from 0000 to 1001 and back

    to 0000. Because of the return to 0 after a count of 9.


    Output Y is equal to 1 when the present state is 1001.
    Y can enable the count of the next higher significant decade while
    the same pulse switches the present decade from 1001 to 0000.
    The unused states for minterms 10 to 15 are taken as dont-care
    terms.
    The simplified functions are:
    T Q1 = 1
    T Q2 = Q8 Q1
    T Q4 = Q2 Q1
    T Q8 = Q8 Q1 + Q4 Q2 Q1
    Y = Q8 Q1

    d. Binary Counter
    with Parallel Load
    Counters employed in
    digital systems often require
    a parallel load capability for
    transferring an initial binary
    number into the counter
    prior to the count operation.
    When equal to 1, the input
    load control disables the
    count operation and causes
    a transfer of data from the
    four data inputs into the four
    flip-flops.
    If both inputs are zero,
    clock pulses do not change
    the state of the register.

    FUNCTION TABLE FOR THE COUNTER


    Clear
    Clock
    Load
    Count
    0
    1
    1
    1

    X
    1
    0
    0

    X
    X
    1
    0

    Function
    Clear to 0
    Load inputs
    Count next binary
    state
    No change

    The four control inputs Clear, Clock, Load,


    Count determine the next state.
    Clear input is asynchronous and when equal to
    0, causes the counter to be cleared.
    X symbolize dont care conditions for the other
    inputs.
    With the Load and Count inputs both 0, the
    output do not change.

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