Inspection and control

& Related Standards

Paint School
1

What is QA - QC ?

QA = Quality Assurance
(A documented management system)
QC = Quality Control
(Inspection and testing routines)

Paint School
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The tasks of the paint inspector

To ensure that the requirements of
the coating specification are met.
Verify the quality of work
carried out by the contractor/yard.
Prepare written records of the standard
of work
- Approval (Satisfactory ? / Conforming ?)
- Non-conformance
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An inspectors work includes:

Be capable of interpreting
the specifications

Understand the objective

of the inspection

Inspect all structures to be painted

Ensure that all specified requirements are met
Document the results from the inspections
In case of non-conformance: Issue written
reports

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Daily logs

Steel temperature
Air temperature
% Relative Humidity
Dew point
Object no. and name
Exact specification
Pre-treatment,
specified and actually
conducted.

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Film thickness (to be

measured also at spot
repair)

Area, m
Product name, place of
production and batch no.

Name of relevant persons

What was discussed
Non conformance report
(remember signatures)

Other comments

An inspector needs to know

All paints that will be used
All relevant inspection
methods and inspection tools
Relevant standards
Relevant TDS and MSDS
Methods involved in cleaning, pre-treatment
and paint application
The equipment used for pre-treatment and
application: Benefits and limitations
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What needs to be inspected ?

If relevant, the following stages
of the production need to be inspected

Shop-priming of the steel

The steel work
(Pre-blasting preparation)

Cleaning

and surface preparation

prior to paint application
Application of paint
The applied paint film and its
curing/drying conditions.
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Inspection tools

Cd-4932-80

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Inspection tools.
Mirror and flash light
Visual inspection
Important tools for inspecting areas difficult to access
For inspection in confined spaces: Use Ex approved
equipment

Cd-4932-83

Paint School
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Using Inspection tools.

Mirror and flash light

Visual inspection
Important tools to be able
to inspect areas difficult to
access
Cd-4932-84

Paint School
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Magnifier

Visual inspection
Handy tool when looking for defects, to verify
cleanliness and roughness of the substrate

Cd-4932-85

Paint School
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Tools for marking

areas with defects

Photo: Chalk for marking areas during inspection

To be used both after pre-treatment and painting
Areas with defects must be marked properly

NOTE:
Chalk might be
considered as
contamination
for some paint
systems:
Remove
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Cd-4932-90

Inspection of steel work

(Pre-blasting preparation)
The following items need to
be inspected during construction

Roundingofsharpedges.
Smoothingofroughweldingseams.
Removal/grindingofweldspatter
andbeads.
Cracksandpittings.
Surfacefaultslikelaminatesetc.
ISO129443,orISO85013
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Inspection of cleaning and surface

preparation prior to application
If relevant, the following conditions
must be inspected / verified

Cleanliness (salt, oil, grease and dust/dirt)

Evaluation of present condition (rust grade)
Surface preparation (e.g. blast cleaning)
Cleanliness of prepared surface
(salts, oil, grease, dust and dirt)

Climatic conditions
(temperature, relative humidity etc.)

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Relevant standards for assessing

surfaces prior to paint application
Standard
ISO 8501

Visual assessments of surface cleanliness.

ISO 8502

Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness.

ISO 8503

Surface roughness characteristics

of blast-cleaned steel substrates.

ISO 8504

Surface preparation methods.

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Area

ISO 8501-1
Evaluation of rust grades
Rust grade A

Cd-0631-59

Rust grade C
Cd-0631-57

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Rust grade B

Cd-0631-58

Rust grade D
Cd-0631-56

ISO 8501 - 1

Standard for deciding preparation grades

Sa:

Blast cleaning (grades 1, 2, 2 and 3)

St.:

Hand and power tool cleaning

(grades 2 and 3)

Fl:

Flame cleaning (one grade)

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ISO 8501 - 1
Standard for deciding preparation grades

Left: Blast standard agreement

Right: Hand tooling of C steel to St 2

4932-76

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0631-55

ISO 8502
Assessment of surface cleanliness

(1 of 2)

Part 1 Field test for soluble iron corrosion products

Part 2 Laboratory determination of chloride on cleaned

surfaces.

Part 3 Assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for

(pressure- sensitive tape method)

painting

Part 4 Guidance on the estimation of the probability of

condensation prior to paint application.
Part 5 Measurement of chloride on steel surfaces
painting. Ion detector tube method.

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prepared for

ISO 8502
Assessment of surface cleanliness (2 of 2)
Part 6 Extraction of soluble contaminants for analysis.
The Bresle method.
Part 9 Conductometric measurements of soluble salts
.
Part 7, 8 and 10 are not prepared

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ISO 8502-3
Assessment of dust
Steel Surfaces Prepared for Painting.
Tape

Approved
Not approved

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Blast cleaned steel

ISO 8502 - 3
Assessment of dust

Left: Dust on steel beam

Right: Control of dust according to standard

0866-13

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0866-14

ISO 8502 - 3
Assessment of dust
Assessment of dust on steel
surface prepared for painting
1. Quantity ratings 1, 2, 3, 4
and 5 corresponding to
pictorial references
2. Dust size classes:
0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Inspection / Dust_control1

Paint School
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ISO 8502 - 4
Humidity
Guidance on the estimation of the probability
of condensation prior to paint application
1.
2.
3.
4.

Air temperature
% Relative humidity
Steel temperature
Dew point

Steel temperature min. 3 oC above the dew point

Paint School
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ISO 8502-4
Measuring the relative humidity

Photo: Sling psychrometer

for measuring:
- Dry temperature
- Wet temperature
Measure the temperature in
the vicinity.
Calculate the relative
humidity
Use together with dew
point calculator

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Cd-4932-88

ISO 8502-4
Dew point calculator

For calculation of dew point

To be used together with
surface temperature
thermometer and sling
psychrometer.
Use this frequently during
pre-treatment, application and
drying of the paint.
Recommendation: Every 6
hours and when weather
conditions are changing

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Cd-4932-89

Contact thermometer

Electronic instrument for measuring the steel temperature

Other types of thermometres are also available. E.g.
magnetic thermometers

Cd-4932-87

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ISO 8502 - 4

Estimating probability of condensation

Cold liquid inside hull and warm air outside

causes condensation
See how frames inside keeps the cold longer

B-24/2-4
4847-693

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Ambient temperature and

steel temperature
Is the temperatures important ? YES !

Ambient temperature will influence:

shelf life
pot life
viscosity/spray-ability
steel temperature
Steel temperature will affect:
speed of cure
degree of cure
recoating interval
service life of the coating
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ISO 8502 - 5

Chlorides on steel surfaces

Measurement of Chloride on steel surfaces
prepared for painting
(The ion detection method)

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ISO 8502 - 6

The Bresle method.

A method for extraction of
soluble contaminants on
steel substrates for analysis:
The Bresle method
This is a quantitative test
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ISO 8502-6
Salt test equipment - Bresle test

ISO 8502 - 9
(Conductivity)
Equipment for measuring
content of water soluble
salt on substrate
Bresle method

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Cd-4932-96

ISO 8502-6
Syringe - Bresle test: Sampling
Bresle salt test
Syringe for injecting

distilled water
Shows how to inject the
distilled water through
the frame and into the
pad
The water must be
pumped in and out
several times. Follow the
standard

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Cd-4932-97

ISO 8502 - 9
Conductometric measurement of soluble salts.

Field method for measuring soluble salts

by conductivity ( S) of solutions
containing water soluble salts

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ISO 8502-9
Conductivity meter

Instrument for measuring

the conductivity
Salt level is measured as
the conductivity of the
solution
Instrument shows the
conductivity which have
to be recalculated to give
the salt level on the
substrate.
Only water soluble salts !

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Cd-4932-98

Different types of salt have different

affinity to water / humidity

Laboratory test.
Different types of salt are applied the steel plates
Several month of exposure
At similar levels: Chlorides more severe than Sulphates

CD 4932 no. 99

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Sodium
Chloride

Iron
Sulphate

No
salt

How to measure the

salt level on a surface
Water soluble salts will be

removed by water jetting

Here: The substrate is
cleaned at a pressure of
2000 bar
Salt level is measured by
the Bresle method
Dissolve the salt inside the
frame of the patch
Measure the conductivity
of the water sample

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Pre-treatment: Waterblast_saltlevel1

Instruments for measuring

surface roughness

Paint School
38

Stylus instruments
Elcometer Mod. 123
Testex Press-O-film
Microscope
Comparator
Rugotest No. 3
ISO 8503 etc.

ISO 8503

Surface roughness of blast-cleaned steel

Part 1
Part 2

Part 3

Method for the calibration of ISO surface profile

comparators and for the determination of surface
profile- Focusing microscope procedure.

Part 4

Method for the calibration of ISO surface profile

comparators and for the determination of
surface profile - Stylus instrument procedure

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Specifications and definitions for ISO surface

profile comparatives for the assessment of
abrasive blast-cleaned surfaces.
Method for the grading of surface profile of abrasive
blast- cleaned steel - Comparator procedure.

ISO 8503
Surface roughness

Example of a reference
comparator
Surface profile comparator
comprising four segments.
Grit (G)
Shot (S)
Check if the profile is
according to specification
and the paint
manufacturers
recommendation

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Cd-4932-86

ISO 8503 - 1

Limits of profile grades

a) Comparators for steel. Blast-cleaned with grit abrasives
Fine (G)
Medium (G)
Coarse (G)

Profiles equal to segment 1 and up to,

but excluding segment 2
Profiles equal to segment 2 and up to,
but excluding segment 3
Profiles equal to segment 3 and up to,
but excluding segment 4

b) Comparators for steel. Blast-cleaned with shot abrasives

Fine (S)
Medium (S)
Coarse (S)
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Profiles equal to segment 1 and up to,

but excluding segment 2
Profiles equal to segment 2 and up to,
but excluding segment 3
Profiles equal to segment 3 and up to,
but excluding segment 4

ISO 8503 - 1

Nominal values and tolerances

a) Comparators for steel, blast-cleaned with grit abrasives
Segment
1
2
3
4

Nominal reading
m
25
60
100
150

Tolerance
m
3
10
15
20

b) Comparators for steel, blast-cleaned with shot abrasives

Segment
1
2
3
4
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Nominal reading
m
25
40
70
100

Tolerance
m
3
5
10
15

ISO 11124

Content of the standard

Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.
The standard consists of 5 parts

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Part 1

Introduction

Part 2

Chilled iron grit

Part 3

High carbon cast steel shot and grit

Part 4

Low carbon cast steel shot

Part 5

Cut steel wire

ISO 11125

Content of the standard

Methods of test for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.
The standard consists of 8 parts
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7
Part 8
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Sampling
Determination of particle size distribution
Determination of hardness
Determination of apparent density
Determination of defective particles
and microstructure
Determination of matter
Determination of moisture
Abrasive mechanical properties

ISO 11126

Content of the standard

Specification for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasive.
The standard consists of 10 parts
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7
Part 8
Part 9
Part 10
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Introduction
Silica sand
Copper refinery slag
Coal furnace slag
Nickel refinery slag
Iron furnace slag
Fused aluminium oxide
Olivine sand
Staurolite
Garnet

ISO 11127

Content of the standard

Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.
The standard consists of 8 parts
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7
Part 8
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Sampling
Determination of particle size distribution
Determination of apparent density
Determination of hardness by a glass slide test
Determination of moisture content
Determination of water soluble
contamination by conductive measurement
Determination of water soluble chlorides
Abrasive mechanical properties

Contamination of abrasives
The abrasives can be contaminated with

Water
Oil and grease
Chlorides
Sulphates
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ISO 11127 - 5

Content of humidity of the abrasives

Laboratory test
Requirement: Maximum 0,2 %

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ISO 11127 - 6

Content of water soluble contaminants

Conductivity measurements

A sample of 100 g. of the abrasives

100 ml of water
Shake for 5 minutes and let rest for 1 hour
Shake again for another 5 minutes
Measure the conductivity at a temperature of 10 oC

Requirement: Maximum conductivity of 25 mS/m

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Is the abrasive free from

oil and grease ?
ASTM D 4940
Put a handful of the
abrasives into a beaker

Pour clean, fresh water into

the beaker

Shake the mixture

A film of oil will form on
top of the water if oil or
grease are present
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Shopprimer/ Abrasive_test1

ISO 2808 - 97

Determination of film thickness (1 of 2)

Method 1:

Determination of wet film thickness.

Method 2:

Determination of dry-film thickness by

calculation from mass
Measurement of dry-film thickness by
mechanically contacting method
Measurement of dry-film thickness by the
profilometer method
Measurement of dry-film thickness using
microscope method

Method 3:
Method 4:
Method 5:

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ISO 2808 - 97

Determination of film thickness: (2 of 2)

Method 6:

Magnetic method

Method 7:

Eddy current method

Method 8:

Non-contact methods

Method 9:

Gravimetric method (dissolving methods)

Method 10:

Determination of dry-film thickness on

blast-cleaned steel substrates

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ISO 2808 - 97 Method No.1

Wet film measuring comb

Microns
250

225 200 175 150 125 100

Steel

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Wet paint
75

50

25

Calculations : Paint
Abbreviations
WFT
DFT
% VS
LF
DV

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=
=
=
=
=

Wet Film Thickness

Dry Film Thickness
Percent Volume Solids
Loss Factor
Dead Volume

Formula for determining the DFT

Formula: DFT

Example:
WFT =

250 m

% VS =

50 %

DFT

=
250
x 125
50 m

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WFT x % VS
100

Formula for determining the WFT

Formula : WFT

DFT x 100 %

Example:
DFT
% VS

WFT

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100 m
%

65 %
100 x 100 %

VS
=

154 m

Formula for determining the

WFT after thinning
DFT
% VS
Added thinner
Volume of paint
Volume of thinner
New volume

=
=
=
=
=
=

WFT

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100 microns
65 %
20 %
1 litre New % VS:
0,2 litre
1,2 litre

100 % x 100 microns

54 %

65 = 54 %
1,2

= 185

Theoretical spreading rate

Formula:

DFT =
% VS =
10
=

% VS x 10
DFT

100 microns
65
Factor

= 6.5m2/litre 65 x 10
Spreading rate:
100

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m2/litre

Consumption of Paint with loss

To be painted: Tank, area of 500 m2 , 40 % loss
40 % loss implies that only 60 % will remain on the surface.
The correction factor, Loss factor, will be 0.6
Formula:

Epoxy mastic

500 x 200
10 x 85 x 0,6

= 196 litre

Polyurethane topcoat

500 x 50
10 x 50 x 0,6

= 83 litre

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Area, m2 x DFT
10 x % VS x loss factor

Dead volume increases the

volume of paint required
Smooth (polished) steel surface
Even film thickness

Steel
Specified thickness
Uneven steel surface
Paint will fill the valleys

Steel
Paint School
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Dead volume

Consumption of paint with loss

including Dead Volume (1 of 2)
A certain roughness will give a certain dead volume
Roughness, microns
30
45
60
75
90
105

Total Dead volume, litre =

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Dead volume, l/ m2
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07

Area (m2) x DV x 100

% VS x LF

Inspection after application

After application
the following must be checked

Climaticconditions(Ventilation,
Temperatureandhumidity)
Curing/dryingofthefilm
Dryfilmthickness(DFT)
Adhesion
Holidaydetection(ifrequired)
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ISO 2808 - 97

Determination of film thickness

Method No. 6: Magnetic method

Magnetic induction principle (Method 6 A)

Permanent magnetic principle (Method 6 B)
Instruments for magnetic, metallic substrates
Calibration must be done in accordance
with instructions from the manufacturer

Before testing the paint system

must be properly cured.
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ISO 2808 - 97

Determination of film thickness

Method No. 7 - Eddy current method

High frequency electromagnetic instrument

For non-magnetic substrates
Calibration in accordance with the
manufacturers instruction

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ISO 2808 - Magnetic and electromagnetic

Dry film thickness gauges

Dry film thickness gauge

Calibrate on smooth
surface to zero and to
thickness similar to be
measured
Check with your
calibration foil frequently
Plastic material foils wear
easily. Replace frequently.
No internal memory in
gauge

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Inspection \ Dryfilmthickness1

SSPC - PA 2

Measuring DFT on small areas

Procedure
1. Area of 10 m2: 5 spot measurements
2. Each spot measurement: The average of 3 individual readings
made on one small area
3. The average of 5 spot measurements must be within
specified range of film thickness
4. Single spot measurements may be as low as 80% of specified
minimum film thickness
5. Individual readings included in the spot measurements may
be less than 80% of minimum thickness
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SSPC - PA 2

Number of film thickness measurements

Case

Area

Selection of Measurements

1.

10 m2

5 spots (on each spot: 3 measurements)

2.

30 m2

As for case 1 for each 10 m2

3.

Up to100 m2

Select 3 areas, each of 10 m2

4.

Above 100 m2 The first 100 m2 as for case 3

For each following 100 m2 select

randomly one area of 10 m2

Note: If measurements outside the specification for any 10 m 2 in case 3 or 4 above are
found, then each 10 m2 shall be measured

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ASTM D 4752-87
MEK curing test of zinc ethyl silicate

Left: One cured and uncured test plate

Right: Uncured zinc over coated. Result: Delamination
0807-2

A-4

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ASTM D 3359-87
Adhesion testing by knife and adhesive tape
There are two test methods
The method to select depends on the DFT
Method A: DFT above 125 microns
Method B: DFT below 125 microns
(Above 125 if wider cuts are used)
Method A: X - cut. Tape test
Method B: Cross - cut. Tape test

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ASTM 3359-87. Method B

Adhesion testing

< 50 microns = 1 mm apart (11 cuts)

50 - 125 microns = 2 mm apart (6 cuts)
> 125 microns = Method A or 3 mm between cuts
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

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Cuts: 20 mm long
Brush with a soft brush
Examine
Cuts: 20 mm long at 90o on the original cuts
Brush with...
Tape 75 mm
Within 90 + 30 sec. remove tape

ISO 2409

Cross-cut test
Cutting tool
Single bladed knife
or
Multi-blade cutting tool with 6 cutting
edges spaced 1 mm or 2 mm apart
Spacing of cuts
0 - 60 microns:
0 - 60 microns:
60 - 120 microns:
121 - 250 microns:
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1 mm spacing, hard substrates

2 mm spacing, soft substrates
3 mm spacing, hard/soft substrates
3 mm spacing, hard/soft substrates

ISO 2409

Cross-cut test
Procedure:

Make 6 parallel cuts with defined space in the coating.

Repeat operation, crossing original cuts at 90o so that a
grid pattern is formed.
Brush with soft brush.
Apply adhesive tape and pull off.
Classify results in accordance with table 1.

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ISO 2409
Cross cut adhesion test

Cross cut adhesion test

Cut vertical and
horizontal lines to
form a grid
Apply a strong tape
Pull off the tape
Evaluate according to
the standard

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Cd-4932-91

ISO 2409
Classification of Cross-cut test
Classification

Appearance of surface
Six parallel cuts

0
1

Completely smooth: none of the squares detached

Small flakes at the Intersections. Area affected 5 %

Flaked along the edges and/or at the

Intersections. Area affected: 5-15%

Flaked along the edges, wholly in large ribbons,

and/or partly or wholly on different parts of
the squares. Area affected: 15-35%

Flaked along the edges in large ribbons and/or

some squares have detached partly or wholly.
Area affected: 35-65%

Any degree of flaking that cannot even be classified by 4.

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Description

ISO 4624

Pull-off test for adhesion

Instruments:
Elcometer Adhesion Tester
Saeberg Adhesion Tester (pneumatic)
Hate Adhesion Tester (hydraulic)
PAT
Failure:
Adhesion failure: Between coats or between or substrate and 1st coat
Cohesion failure: Inside a coat
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ISO 4624

Pull-off test for adhesion

Procedure:

Test dollies glued onto the coating

Adhesive: Cyano-acrylate or solvent free epoxy
Remove adhesive and coating around the dollies
Pull off test-dollies vertical to the surface
Read adhesion value and report the type of fracture

Fractures:

Adhesion failure - fracture between coats or substrate and 1. coat

Cohesion failure - fracture within a coat
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ISO 4624
Pull-off dollies glued to the structure

Pull off adhesion test

Dollies are glued to the
structure with a strong
glue
Prior to pull-off:
Cut around the dolly,
through the paint film
and down to the
substrate material

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Cd-4932-102

ISO 4624
Pull-off testing of paint on a structure

Pull off adhesion test.

Destructive test method
Here, connecting of the
device for pulling off the
dollies
Read and note the value
Several types of
instruments are available

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Cd-4932-101

ISO 4624
Area after pull-off testing

Pull off adhesion test

The adhesive failure fracture between coats - or
between coating and
substrate must be evaluated
Note adhesion failure, %
The cohesive failure fracture within the coatingmust be evaluated.
Note cohesion failure, %
Also: Note glue failure, %

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Cd-4932-103

ASTM G 62 - 85 Method A

Pinhole detection. Low voltage.

Low voltage: < 90 V DC

To detect pinholes, voids or metal particles to be
in the range of 25-250 microns.
Effective for paint films up to a DFT of 500
microns if a wetting agent is used in the water.
This is a non-destructive test.

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ASTM G-62-85, method A

Low voltage pinhole detector

Photo: Low voltage pinhole

detector
Detecting pinholes, voids or
metal particles in paint film
up to 500 microns
Non destructive test method
Will only detect defects
down to bare metal
The sponge must be wetted
Do not use excessive water

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0002-004

ASTM G 62 Method B

Holiday detection. High voltage.

High voltage: 900 - 20.000 V
Used to detect pinholes, voids and
areas with thin paint films
This is a destructive test.

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ASTM G-62-85, method B

High voltage holiday detector

Destructive test method for

detecting pinholes, voids and
thin spots in paint film
Adjust voltage according to
the film thickness or the
paint manufacturers
recommendation
Gives a light or signal when
pinhole or weak point is
detected

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Cd-4932-93

ISO 12944

General standard for corrosion protection:

Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection
of steel structures by protective paints systems.
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7
Part 8
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General introduction.
Classification of environments.
Design considerations.
Types of surface and surface preparation.
Protective paint systems.
Laboratory performance test methods.
Execution and supervision of paint work.
Development of specifications for new work
and maintenance.

Standards for testing of

corrosion protective properties
Property / Environment

Standard / Test method

ISO 6270 (Condensation, water at 40 C)

DIN 50017
ASTM D 2247 (Condensation, water at 38 C)
ASTM D 1735 (Humidity chamber)
ISO 7253, ASTM B 117, BS 3900 - F12,
Salt spray
DIN 53167, DIN 50021
ASTM G 85 (Prohesion test)
Natural weather exposure ISO 2810
BS 3900 F 6
Weather-o-meter
ASTM G 53
Humidity chamber
Condensation

Cathodic disbonding
Cathodic protection
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ASTM G 8 (1500 mV/Ag-AgCl at 20 C

ASTM G 42 (1500 mV/Ag-AgCl at 60 C
BS 3900 F 11

Standards for evaluation

of coated surfaces
Property
Paint film thickness

ISO 2808 (Wet and dry)

SSPC - PA 2

Holiday detection

ASTM G 62
(Low and high voltage)

Degradation of coatings

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Standard / Test method

ISO 4628

Standards relating to
mechanical properties
Property
Adhesion (Cross cut)
Adhesion (Pull-off)
Adhesion
(Shear strength)
Hardness
Hardness
Hardness
Elasticiy
Flexibility
Impact resistance

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Standard / Test method

ISO 2409, DIN 53251, BS 3900-E6, ASTM 3359
ISO 4624, ASTM 4541, BS 3900 - E10
ASTM D 1002 (Specified for Chartek)
ISO 2815 (Buchholz - methode)
ISO 1522 (Knig - pendel)
Barchol
ISO 1520 (Cupping test)
ISO 6860 ASTM D 522
BS 3900 - E11 (Conical mandrel)
ISO/TR 6272 - 79E
DIN 55669

ASTM D 2794 - 84
BS 3900 - E3

Standards relating to
physical properties
Property
Solids, % by weight
Solids by % volume
Drying time
Flash point
Milling grade
Viscosity
Paint film thickness
Density
Gloss
Covering capacity
Recoatability
Curing of Zn-silicate
Paint School
88

Standard
ISO 1515 (105 C - 3 hours)
ASTM D 2697 (1 hour - 110C - dip)
ISO 1517 (Surface dry)
ISO 1523 (Closed cup)
ISO 3679 (Zeta flash)
ISO 1524
ISO 2431 (Flow cup)
ISO 2808
ISO 2811 (Psykrometer)
ISO 2813 (60 C commonly used)
ISO 2814
ASTM D 1640
ASTM D 4752 - 87

Testing and evaluation.

marine atmosphere (1 of 2)
Test method

Standards

Comments

ISO 2409
ISO 4624
ISO 1510
ISO 1520
ISO 2815
ISO 6272
ISO 2813
ASTM D 4060

Before and after exposure

Before and after exposure
Before and after exposure
Before and after exposure

Physical testing
Adhesion
Adhesion
Flexibility
Elasticity
Hardness
Impact resistance
Gloss
Abrasion resistance

Exposure conditions:
Saltspray
Prohesion test
UV-cabinet
Condensation chamber
Humidity chamber
Weathering
Resistance to liquids

Paint School
89

ISO 7253 or ASTM B 117

ASTM G 53
ISO 6270
BS 3900
ISO 2810
ISO 2812

Oil, petroleum , etc.

Testing and evaluation.

marine atmosphere (2 of 2)
Test method

Standards

Comments

Evaluation of paint films

Blistering
Rust
Cracking
Flaking
Chalking
Scribe

ISO 4628/2
ISO 4628/3
ISO 4628/4
ISO 4628/5
ISO 4628/6
ASTM D 1654

Evaluation of the liquid paint

Appearance in tin

ISO 2431

Viscosity

ISO 2884

Application properties

Paint School
90

Flow time

Abrasion resistance

Weigh the painted

sample
Install it in the apparatus
and run 1000 cycles
Measure the weight loss

Testing paints \ Abrasion resistance1

Paint School
91

Impact test
Use a thick test panel
Measure the paint film

thickness
Carry out the impact test
on the painted side of
the test panel
Determine the highest
level of impact load
before any crack or
defect in the paint film
occurs

Paint School
92

Testing paints \ Impact_test1