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    Blahbahha

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    Gray Fullbuster
    Underground water is often pure and requires little or no treatment for drinking. It is less contaminated than surface water due to natural filtration through soil. However, groundwater can become contaminated from sources like septic tanks, underground streams in limestone areas, or deep well leaks. There are two sources of groundwater: springs, where underground water reaches the surface, and wells, which are dug down to extract water from aquifers below the water table. Surface water sources include rivers, lakes, wetlands, and oceans, and generally require more treatment than groundwater due to exposure and runoff.

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    Blahbahha

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    Gray Fullbuster
    27 views10 pages
    Underground water is often pure and requires little or no treatment for drinking. It is less contaminated than surface water due to natural filtration through soil. However, groundwater can become contaminated from sources like septic tanks, underground streams in limestone areas, or deep well leaks. There are two sources of groundwater: springs, where underground water reaches the surface, and wells, which are dug down to extract water from aquifers below the water table. Surface water sources include rivers, lakes, wetlands, and oceans, and generally require more treatment than groundwater due to exposure and runoff.

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    Underground water is often pure and requires little or no treatment for drinking. It is less contaminated than surface water due to natural filtration through soil. However, groundwater can become contaminated from sources like septic tanks, underground streams in limestone areas, or deep well leaks. There are two sources of groundwater: springs, where underground water reaches the surface, and wells, which are dug down to extract water from aquifers below the water table. Surface water sources include rivers, lakes, wetlands, and oceans, and generally require more treatment than groundwater due to exposure and runoff.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    27 views10 pages

    Blahbahha

    Uploaded by

    Gray Fullbuster
    Underground water is often pure and requires little or no treatment for drinking. It is less contaminated than surface water due to natural filtration through soil. However, groundwater can become contaminated from sources like septic tanks, underground streams in limestone areas, or deep well leaks. There are two sources of groundwater: springs, where underground water reaches the surface, and wells, which are dug down to extract water from aquifers below the water table. Surface water sources include rivers, lakes, wetlands, and oceans, and generally require more treatment than groundwater due to exposure and runoff.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    GROUND WATER

    SUPPLIES

    Underground water

    is supposed to be the purest


    form of natural water. Sometimes, it is so pure that it does not
    need any further treatment for drinking purposes. It is the least
    contaminated and has very low turbidity due to natural filtration
    of the rain water. It can be contaminated by underground streams
    in areas with limestone deposits, septic tanks discharge, and
    underground deep well leaks. Therefore, it may need disinfection.
    It needs only mineral removal treatment when compared to
    surface water supplies. It contains more dissolved minerals such
    as calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese and sulfur compounds
    than the surface supply. There are two sources of groundwater,
    springs and wells. If you dig a hole down through the earth, the
    soil initially has pockets of air between the soil particles. But as
    you dig deeper, soon water would fill in all of the gaps in the soil.
    The location where all of the holes first become filled with water
    is called the water table. This is the upper limit of the zone of
    saturation, also known as an aquifer, which is the part of the
    earth containing the groundwater.

    The bottom of the zone of saturation is marked by an impermeable layer


    of rocks, clay or other material. Water cannot soak through this layer, so
    it instead slowly flows downhill.

    ZONE OF SATURATION is the area in an aquifer, below the water


    table, in which relatively all pores and fractures aresaturatedwith
    water. The phreaticzonedefines the lower edge of the vadose zone.
    Zone of Aeration(vadosezoneor unsaturatedzone)
    thezonebetween the land surface and the water table in which the
    pore spaces between soil and rock particles contain water, air, and/or
    other gases.

    Springs
    Whenever an aquifer or an underground channel reaches the ground
    surface such as a valley or a side of a cliff, water starts flowing naturally.
    This natural flow is known as a spring. A spring may form a lake, a creek,
    or even a river. The quantity and velocity of a spring flow depend on the
    aquifer size and the position of the spring relative to the highest level of
    the water table. Regions with limestone deposits have large springs as
    the water flows in underground channels, formed by the erosion of
    limestone. The quality of the water depends on the nature of the soil
    through which the water flows. For example, a mineral spring has
    dissolved minerals, a sulfur spring has dissolved sulfur.

    Wells
    Public groundwater supply is usually well water because springs are rare.
    A well is a device to draw the water from the aquifer. Deeper wells (more
    than 100 feet) have less turbidity, more dissolved minerals, and less
    bacterial count than shallow wells. Shallow wells have less natural
    filtration of water due to less depth of the soil.

    SURFACE WATER
    SUPPLIES

    Surface water

    -- is water on the surface of the planet such


    as in a river, lake, wetland, or ocean. It can be contrasted with
    groundwater and atmospheric water. Also defined as waters falling
    upon and naturally spreading over lands. They may come from
    seasonal rains. Melting snows, swamps or springs, or from all of them.
    Surface waters consist of surface drainage falling on or flowing from
    and over a tract or tracts of land before such waters have found their
    way into a natural watercourse.

    are those which , in their natural state, occur on the surface of the
    earth in places other than definite streams or lakes or ponds. They
    may originate from any source and may be flowing vagrantly over
    broad lateral areas or, occasionally for brief periods, in natural
    depressions. The essential characteristics of such waters are that their
    short-lived flows are diffused over the ground and are not
    concentrated or confined in channel flows of definite streams, nor are
    they concentrated or confined bodies of water conforming to the
    definition of lakes or ponds.

    River - a large natural stream of water flowing in a channel to the sea,


    a lake, or another such stream.
    Lake - a large body of water surrounded by land.
    Wetlands - land consisting of marshes or swamps; saturated land
    Ocean - a very large expanse of sea, in particular, each of the main
    areas into which the sea is divided geographically:

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