Automatic Generation Control (AGC) or Automatic Load Frequency Control (ALFC)
Automatic Generation Control (AGC) or Automatic Load Frequency Control (ALFC)
Automatic Generation Control (AGC) or Automatic Load Frequency Control (ALFC)
or
Automatic Load Frequency Control
(ALFC)
Objectives
1. To maintain desired MW output of a generator
2. To divide the load between generators
3. To control the scheduled interchanges of tie line power
4. To maintain a reasonably uniform frequency
3
Pe = PL
Speed Governor
Adjust turbine valve/gate to bring the speed
(frequency) back to nominal or scheduled value.
Y : valve/gate
position
8
12
Amount
of load picked up by each
share a load change
ss
Example problem
Two generators rated 200 MW and 400 MW are
operating in parallel. The droop characteristic of
their governors are 4% and 5% respectively from no
load to full load. Assuming that the generators are
operating at 50 Hz at no load, how would a load of
600 MW be shared between them? What will be the
system frequency at this load?
15
Droop
of G1 = 4%
R1 = = 0.01
Droop of G2 = 5%
Let
P1 = x
P1 = ;
R2 = = 0.00625
P2 = 600 - x;
P2 = ;
P1 * R1 = P1 * R1
625
P1 = P1 * R1
P2 =
16
17
18
When
Mathematical Model:
1) Amplifier model
For comparator and amplifier:
REF
19
Exciter Model
2)
20
Generator modelling
3)
=
)KG and
)KG = 0.7 to 1
21
Amplifier
23
area system
24
For
=
is slope of power angle curve at the initial operating angle
= Cos() (
Where Cos()
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Frequency
Or = 2 () MW
Taking Laplace Transform
(s) = ()
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27
28
29
response
where = ; =
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Conventional
Bi =
32
ACE2=
For a step input Vref(s) = , using final value theorem the
steady state response is
33
be
increased
by
34
PID controller TF is
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