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    ECE651 Digital Signal Processing I: Digital IIR Filter Design

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    aishu sill
    This document discusses digital IIR filter design through transformations from analog filter prototypes. It introduces analog filter fundamentals and covers two common design methods: impulse invariance transformation which preserves the impulse response, and bilinear transformation which preserves the system function. Both aim to transform analog filter poles to digital poles based on a complex mapping between the s-domain and z-domain. The document outlines the design process for each method and notes their advantages and limitations.

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    ECE651 Digital Signal Processing I: Digital IIR Filter Design

    Uploaded by

    aishu sill
    21 views24 pages
    This document discusses digital IIR filter design through transformations from analog filter prototypes. It introduces analog filter fundamentals and covers two common design methods: impulse invariance transformation which preserves the impulse response, and bilinear transformation which preserves the system function. Both aim to transform analog filter poles to digital poles based on a complex mapping between the s-domain and z-domain. The document outlines the design process for each method and notes their advantages and limitations.

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    This document discusses digital IIR filter design through transformations from analog filter prototypes. It introduces analog filter fundamentals and covers two common design methods: impulse invariance transformation which preserves the impulse response, and bilinear transformation which preserves the system function. Both aim to transform analog filter poles to digital poles based on a complex mapping between the s-domain and z-domain. The document outlines the design process for each method and notes their advantages and limitations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    21 views24 pages

    ECE651 Digital Signal Processing I: Digital IIR Filter Design

    Uploaded by

    aishu sill
    This document discusses digital IIR filter design through transformations from analog filter prototypes. It introduces analog filter fundamentals and covers two common design methods: impulse invariance transformation which preserves the impulse response, and bilinear transformation which preserves the system function. Both aim to transform analog filter poles to digital poles based on a complex mapping between the s-domain and z-domain. The document outlines the design process for each method and notes their advantages and limitations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    ECE651

    Digital Signal Processing I


    Digital IIR Filter Design

    Introduction

    Some Preliminaries on Analog Filters

    Digital IIR Filter Design (s z)

    Impulse Invariance Transformation

    Bilinear Transformation

    Frequency Band Transformations

    Analog Domain (s s )

    Digital Domain (z z)

    Introduction
    Analog filter : Infinitely long impulse response

    S Z (complex-valued mapping)

    Digital IIR filter : Infinitely long impulse response

    Introduction

    Introduction
    Advantages

    Analog filter design tables available

    Filter transformation (s z) tables available

    Frequency band transformation (s s / z z) available

    Disadvantages

    No control over the phase characteristics of the IIR filter

    Magnitude only design

    Introduction
    Other Design Approaches
    Simultaneously approximate both the magnitude and the phase
    response

    Require advanced optimization tools

    Not covered in the class

    Preliminaries On Analog Filters


    Analog lowpass filter specifications
    : passband ripple parameter
    A: stopband attenuation parameter

    p: passband cutoff frequency (rad/sec)


    s: stopband cutoff frequency (rad/sec)
    2

    H a ( p )
    2

    H a ( s )

    1
    1 2
    1
    A2

    Preliminaries On Analog Filters


    Analog lowpass filter specifications
    R p : passband ripple in dB
    As : stopband attenuation in dB

    R p 10 log10 (1 2 )

    As 20 log10 A

    10

    R p / 10

    A 10 As / 20

    Preliminaries On Analog Filters


    Analog lowpass filter system function H a (s )
    H a ( s ) H a ( s ) H a ( )

    s / j

    Poles and zeros of magnitude-squared function are


    distributed in a mirror-image symmetry with respect to the
    imaginary axis
    For real filters, poles and zeros occur in complex
    conjugate pairs ( mirror symmetry with respect to real axis)

    Preliminaries On Analog Filters


    Analog lowpass filter system function H a (s )

    1. Pick up poles On LHP


    2. Pick up zeros on LHP or
    Imaginary axis

    H a (s )

    Stable

    Causal

    Preliminaries On Analog Filters


    Prototype analog filters
    1.

    Butterworth

    2.

    Chebyshev (Type I and II)

    3.

    Elliptic

    Preliminaries On Analog Filters


    Butterworth lowpass filters (Magnitude-Squared Response)

    H a ()

    1
    c

    2N

    c The Cutoff frequency (rand/sec)


    N The order of the filter

    Preliminaries On Analog Filters


    Butterworth lowpass filters (System Function)

    c
    H a ( s)
    ( s pk )
    LHP poles

    pk c e

    ( 2 k N 1)
    2N

    k 0,1, 2 N 1

    Preliminaries On Analog Filters


    Butterworth lowpass filters (Design equations)
    log10 [(10 R p / 10 1) /(10 As / 10 1)]
    N

    2
    log
    (

    10
    p
    s

    c
    (10
    c

    R p / 10

    1)

    1
    2N

    p
    (10 As / 10 1)

    1
    2N

    Digital IIR Filter Design


    S - Z transformation

    Complex-valued mappings

    Derived by preserving different aspects of analog filters and digital filters

    Digital IIR Filter Design


    Impulse Invariance transformation

    Preserve the shape of impulse response

    z e sT

    Digital IIR Filter Design


    Impulse Invariance transformation (Design Procedure)
    (MATLAB function: impinvar)
    1. Choose T and determine the analog frequencies
    p

    p
    T

    s
    T

    2. Design an analog filter H a (s ) using specifications p , s , R p , and As


    N

    3. Partial fraction expansion

    H a ( s)
    k 1

    Rk
    s pk

    pk T
    4. Transform analog poles { pk } into digital poles {e } to obtain
    N

    Rk
    pk T 1
    z
    k 1 1 e

    H ( z)

    Digital IIR Filter Design


    Impulse Invariance transformation (Aliasing)

    >> f=0:0.01:5;T=0.1;
    >> z=exp(j*2*pi*f*T);
    >> zH=(1-0.8966./z)./(1-1.5595./z+0.6065./z./z);
    >> s=j*2*pi*f;
    >> sH=(1+s)./(s.^2+5*s+6);
    >> plot(f,abs(zH),f,abs(sH)/T);legend('Digitital','Analog')
    >>title('Magnitude Response of Analog and Digital IIR Filters')

    Digital IIR Filter Design


    Impulse Invariance transformation
    Advantages:
    Stable design
    Analog frequency and digital frequency are linearly related

    Disadvantage
    Aliasing
    Useful only when the analog filter is band-limited (LPF and
    BPF)

    Digital IIR Filter Design


    Bilinear transformation
    Preserve the system function representation

    1 ( sT ) / 2
    z
    1 ( ST ) / 2

    2 1 z 1
    s
    T 1 z 1

    Digital IIR Filter Design


    Bilinear transformation (Design Procedure)
    (MATLAB function: bilinear)
    1. Choose T (1)and determine the analog frequencies
    p

    2
    tan( p )
    T
    2

    tan( s )
    T
    2

    2. Design an analog filter H a (s ) using specifications p , s , R p , and As

    3. Bilinear transformation

    2 1 z 1
    H ( z) H a (
    )
    T 1 z 1

    Digital IIR Filter Design


    Bilinear transformation
    Advantages

    Stable design

    No aliasing

    No restriction on the type of filters that can be transformed

    Frequency DomainTransformations
    Analog Domain

    Frequency DomainTransformations
    Digital Domain

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