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Final Pattern Making

This document discusses different types of patterns used in casting processes. It describes various pattern materials like wood, metal, and plastics that are dimensionally stable, durable and easily worked. The key types of patterns discussed are single piece, split, cope and drag, match plate, and shell patterns. It also covers allowances needed for shrinkage and drafting, as well as core prints and core boxes used to form hollow spaces in castings. Color coding is used to identify different pattern surfaces and parts.

Uploaded by

Ram Janm Singh
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views

Final Pattern Making

This document discusses different types of patterns used in casting processes. It describes various pattern materials like wood, metal, and plastics that are dimensionally stable, durable and easily worked. The key types of patterns discussed are single piece, split, cope and drag, match plate, and shell patterns. It also covers allowances needed for shrinkage and drafting, as well as core prints and core boxes used to form hollow spaces in castings. Color coding is used to identify different pattern surfaces and parts.

Uploaded by

Ram Janm Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTENTS

Introduction
Pattern Materials
Types of Patterns
Pattern Allowances
Core & Core Prints
Core Boxes
Colour Coding

INTRODUCTION
Pattern is replica of the object to be casted.
It is so constructed that it may be used for forming an
impression called mould in damp sand or other
suitable material.
When this mould is filled with molten metal and is
allowed to solidify it forms a reproduction of pattern.
The process of making pattern is called PATTERN
MAKING.

PATTERN MATERIALS
Pattern materials should be :
Easily worked, shaped, joined
Light in weight
Strong, hard & durable
Dimensionally stable in all situations
Easily available at low cost
Repairable & reused
Able to take good surface finish

PATTERN MATERIALS
VARIOUS PATTERN MATERIALS
1) WOOD : Easily available, complicated shapes & good surface finish,
light weight, easily repairable, long life, high strength.
2) METALS : Strong & dimensionally stable, do not deform, withstand
rough handling, resistant to wear & abrasion, stable in different
environment.
3) PLASTICS : No moisture absorption, smooth surface finish, resistant to
corrosion, wear, abrasion, lighter.
4) PLASTERS : High compressive strength, easily worked with tools.
5) WAXES : High tensile strength hardness weld strength.

TYPES OF PATTERNS
1. SINGLE PIECE PATTERN.

2. SPLIT PATTERN (TWO PIECE )

2. a, THREE PIECE SPLIT PATTERN

3. LOOSE PIECE PATTERN

4. COPE AND DRAG PATTERN

COPE AND DRAG PARTS OF THE PATTERN MOUNTED


ON SEPARATE PLATES.

COPE HALF AND DRAG HALF MADE BY WORKING ON


DIFFERENT MOULDING MACHINES.

THIS REDUCES THE SEPARATE COPE AND DRAG


PLATE PREPARATION.

GENERALLY FOR HIGH SPEED MECHANISED


MOULDING.

5. MATCH PLATE PATTERN


Pattern generally of metal and plate making
parting line metal/wood

6. FOLLOW BOARD PATTERN.


For thin sections.

THIN PATTERN

7. GATED PATTERN

Gating system is a part of the pattern.

8. SWEEP PATTERN

For large size castings in small numbers.


Template of wood attached to a sweep used.

9. SEGMENTAL PATTERN

For rings, wheel rims, large size gears.

10. SKELETON PATTERN.Stickle board used to scrape the excess sand.


Eg. Oil pipes, water pipes, pipe bends, boxes, valve
bodies etc.

Stickle board

11. SHELL PATTERN

12. BUILT UP PATTERN

Also called lagged up patterns- For barrels, pipes,


columns etc

13. LEFT AND RIGHT PATTERN

For parts to be made in pairs.


Eg: legs of sewing machine, wood working
lathe, garden benches, J hangers for shafts,
brackets for luggage racks etc.

Pattern Making

One piece or Solid


Pattern

Match Plate Pattern

Split Pattern

Cope & Drag Pattern

Type of pattern depends on:


Shape and size of casting,
number of castings required,
method of moulding employed,
easiness or difficulties of the
moulding operations,
other factors peculiar to the
casting.

PATTERN ALLOWANCES
VARIOUS PATTERN ALLOWANCES

Shrinkage
Draft
Machining
Distortion
Rapping

CORE & CORE PRINTS


Casting are often required to have hole, recess etc. of various
shapes and sizes. These impressions are obtained by using
sand cores which are separately made in core boxes.
For supporting cores in mould core prints are required, they
are added projection on pattern and it forms a seat to support
core. Various types core prints are :
1) Horizontal
2) Vertical
3) Balancing
4) Hanging
5) Wing or Drop

CORE BOXES
A core box is type of pattern made of wood or metal in which
sand is rammed or packed to form a core.
Types of core boxes are :
1)

Half Box

2)

Split Box

3)

Stickle Box

4)

Left Hand Right Hand Box

5)

Gang Box

6)

Core Box with loose piece

COLOUR CODING
All surfaces of a wooden pattern are coated with shellac to
keep out moisture and important parts of a pattern and
core boxes are colored for identification of their
different parts.
Widely accepted colour codes are :
1) Surfaces to be left unfinished are to be painted BLACK
2) Surfaces to be machined are painted RED
3) Seats for loose pieces are marked by RED stripes on a
YELLOW background
4) Coreprints are painted YELLOW

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