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Chapter 4.c (Frame& Machine)

This document provides an overview of a lecture on analyzing frames and machines using statics concepts. It begins with the objectives of being able to draw free body diagrams of frames and machines and determine the forces at joints and supports. Examples are then given of analyzing a wall crane frame by drawing free body diagrams of members and applying equations of equilibrium to solve for unknown forces. The steps for analyzing any frame or machine are outlined as drawing free body diagrams of members and applying equilibrium equations. Concepts covered include how frames and machines differ from trusses in having at least one multi-force member. Homework problems are also presented on analyzing additional examples of frames and machines.

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410 views

Chapter 4.c (Frame& Machine)

This document provides an overview of a lecture on analyzing frames and machines using statics concepts. It begins with the objectives of being able to draw free body diagrams of frames and machines and determine the forces at joints and supports. Examples are then given of analyzing a wall crane frame by drawing free body diagrams of members and applying equations of equilibrium to solve for unknown forces. The steps for analyzing any frame or machine are outlined as drawing free body diagrams of members and applying equilibrium equations. Concepts covered include how frames and machines differ from trusses in having at least one multi-force member. Homework problems are also presented on analyzing additional examples of frames and machines.

Uploaded by

Logarithem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Engineering Mechanics :

STATICS
Lecture #10
By,
Noraniah Kassim
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
(UTHM),

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FRAMES AND MACHINES

Todays Objectives:
Students will be able to:
a) Draw the free body diagram of a
frame or machine and its members.
b) Determine the forces acting at the
joints and supports of a frame or
machine.

Learning Topic:
Applications
Analysis of a Frame/Machine

READING QUIZ
1. Frames and machines are different as compared to trusses since they
have ___________.
A) only two-force members

B)

C) at least one multiforce member D)

only multiforce members


at least one two-force
member

2. Forces common to any two contacting members act with _______


on the other member.
A) equal magnitudes but opposite sense
B) equal magnitudes and the same sense
C) different magnitudes but opposite sense
D) different magnitudes but the same sense
4

APPLICATIONS
Frames are commonly used
to support various external
loads.
How is a frame different than a
truss?
How can you determine the
forces at the joints and supports
of a frame?

APPLICATIONS (Continued)

Machines, like these above, are used in a variety of


applications. How are they different from trusses and frames?
How can you determine the loads at the joints and supports?
These forces and moments are required when designing the
machine members.
6

FRAMES AND MACHINES : DEFINITIONS

Frames and machines are two common types of structures that


have at least one multi-force member. (Recall that trusses have
nothing but two-force members).
Frames are generally stationary and support external loads.
Machines contain moving parts and are designed to alter the
effect of forces.

STEPS FOR ANALYZING A FRAME OR MACHINE


1. Draw the FBD of the frame or machine and
its members, as necessary.
Hints:
a) Identify any two-force members, b) Forces
on contacting surfaces (usually between a pin
and a member) are equal and opposite, and,
c) For a joint with more than two members or an
external force, it is advisable to draw a FBD of
the pin.
Pin B
FAB

2. Develop a strategy to apply the equations of


equilibrium to solve for the unknowns.
Problems are going to be challenging since there
are usually several unknowns. A lot of practice
is needed to develop good strategies.
8

FBD FOR A FRAME OR MACHINE

FBD FOR A FRAME OR MACHINE

10

FBD FOR A FRAME OR MACHINE

11

EXAMPLE
Given: The wall crane supports an
external load of 700 N.
Find: The force in the cable at
the
winch motor W and the
horizontal and vertical
components of the pin
reactions at A, B, C, and D.

Plan:
a) Draw FBDs of the frames members and pulleys.
b) Apply the equations of equilibrium and solve for the
unknowns.

12

EXAMPLE (continued)
FBD of the Pulley E
T

E
700 N
Necessary Equations of Equilibrium:
+ FY = 2 T 700 = 0
T = 350 N
13

EXAMPLE (continued)
350 N
CY

+ FX = CX 350 = 0
CX = 350 N

350 N

+ FY = CY 350 = 0
CY = 350 N

CX

A FBD of pulley C
350 N
BY
30

BX

+ FX = BX + 350 350 sin 30 = 0


BX = 175 N
+ FY

BY 350 cos 30 = 0
BY = 303.1 N

350 N
A FBD of pulley B
14

EXAMPLE (continued)
Please note that member BD is a twoforce member.
TBD

AX

A
AY

45
4m

B
175 N
303.11 N
4m

350 N
700 N

A FBD of member ABC


+ MA = TBD sin 45 (4) 303.1 (4) 700 (8) = 0
+ FY

TBD = 2409 N
= AY + 2409 sin 45 303.1 700 = 0

AY = 700 N
+ FX = AX 2409 cos 45 + 175 350 = 0
AX = 1880 N

15

EXAMPLE (continued)
A FBD of member BD
2409 N
D
45

B
2409 N

At D, the X and Y component are


+ DX = 2409 cos 45 = 1700 N
+ DY = 2409 sin 45 = 1700 N
16

CONCEPT QUIZ

1. The figures show a frame and its FBDs. If an additional couple


moment is applied at C, then how will you change the FBD of
member BC at B?
A)
B)
C)
D)

No change, still just one force (FAB) at B.


Will have two forces, BX and BY, at B.
Will have two forces and a moment at B.
Will add one moment at B.

17

CONCEPT QUIZ (continued)

2. The figures show a frame and its FBDs. If an additional force is


applied at D, then how will you change the FBD of member BC
at B?
A)
B)
C)
D)

No change, still just one force (FAB) at B.


Will have two forces, BX and BY, at B.
Will have two forces and a moment at B.
Will add one moment at B.
18

IN CLASS TUTORIAL (GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING)


Given: A frame and loads
as shown.
Find: The reactions that
the pins exert on the frame
at A, B
and C.

Plan:
a) Draw a FBD of members AB and BC.
b) Apply the equations of equilibrium to each FBD to solve for
the six unknowns. Think about a strategy to easily solve for
the unknowns.

19

GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (continued)


FBDs of members AB and BC:
BY
B
1000N

BX

BX

BY
B

0.4m
500N
C

A X A 45
0.2m 0.2m

0.2m

0.4m
CY

AY

Equating moments at A and C to zero, we get:


+ MA = BX (0.4) + BY (0.4) 1000 (0.2) = 0
+ MC = -BX (0.4) + BY (0.6) + 500 (0.4)
BY = 0

and

= 0

BX = 500 N
20

GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (continued)


FBDs of members AB and BC:
BY
B

BY

BX

BX B
0.4m

1000N

500N
C

A X A 45
0.2m 0.2m

Applying E-of-E to bar AB:

0.2m

0.4m
CY

AY

+ FX = AX 500 = 0 ;

AX =

+ FY = AY 1000 = 0 ;

AY = 1,000 N

500 N

Consider member BC:


+ FX = 500 CX = 0 ;

CX

500 N

+ FY = CY

CY

500 N

500 = 0 ;

21

ATTENTION QUIZ
1. When determining the reactions
at joints A, B, and C, what is the
minimum number of unknowns
for solving this problem?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
2. For the above problem, imagine that you have drawn a FBD
of member AB. What will be the easiest way to write an
equation involving unknowns at B?
A) MC = 0

B) MB = 0

C) MA = 0

D) FX = 0
22

HOMEWORK TUTORIAL
Q1 (6-66) :
A force of P = 40N is applied to the handles of the pliers. Determine
the force developed on the smooth bolt B and the reaction that pin A
exerts on its attached members.

23

HOMEWORK TUTORIAL (continued)


Q2 (6-69) :
The link is used to hold the rod in place. Determine the required axial
force on the screw at E if the largest force to be exerted on the rod at
B, C, or D is to be 100N. Also, find the magnitude of the force reaction
at pin A. Assume all surface of contact are smooth.

24

HOMEWORK TUTORIAL (continued)


Q3 (6-82) :
The nail cutter consists of the handle and the two cutting blades.
Assuming the blades are pin connected at B and the surface at D is
smooth, determine the normal force on the fingernail when a force of
5 N is applied to the handles as shown. The pin AC slides through a
smooth hole at A and is attached to the bottom member at C.

25

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