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Chapter 1 Multivariable Functions

Multivariable functions are functions with more than one independent variable. They can be functions of two variables, graphed as surfaces in three-dimensional space, or functions of three variables. Key concepts include level curves, which define a constant value of the function in the domain and form contour plots, and level surfaces, which generalize level curves to three-dimensional functions. Functions of multiple variables have domains consisting of combinations of independent variables and ranges consisting of the function's output values.

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Mohamad Nazirul Idzham
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218 views

Chapter 1 Multivariable Functions

Multivariable functions are functions with more than one independent variable. They can be functions of two variables, graphed as surfaces in three-dimensional space, or functions of three variables. Key concepts include level curves, which define a constant value of the function in the domain and form contour plots, and level surfaces, which generalize level curves to three-dimensional functions. Functions of multiple variables have domains consisting of combinations of independent variables and ranges consisting of the function's output values.

Uploaded by

Mohamad Nazirul Idzham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Multivariable Functions

Subtopic Cover:

Functions of two or more variables.


Limits
Continuity
Partial Derivatives
Total Differential
The Chain Rule
Implicit Differentiation
Local Extrema
Absolute Extrema

Multivariable Functions

Multivariable functions is the function that


have more than one independent variable.

Example:

Function with Two Variables

Suppose
is a set of order pair of real
numbers, . A function with 2 independent
variables and denotes as . The set is the
functions domain. The set of -values that
associates with the numbers in D is the
functions in functions range.

Example:
For Find , domain and range of .
Solution:

For , defined for any values, but defined only


for . ()
Since and , implies the range of is the()

Exercise

1. Given the , Find the , . Domain and range of the


2.

3.

4.

functions.
Given
a. Evaluate
b. Describe the domain and the range of f.
Given
a. Describe and sketch the domain.
b. Determine the range. Write down at least three
possible values of
Find the domain and range of the following
functions.
a.
b.

Graphs Of Functions Of Two Variables

Graphs Of Functions Of Two Variables

Graphs Of Functions Of Two Variables

The three coordinate planes meet at origin (0,


0, 0).

Points on the x-axis (x,0,0).


Points on the y-axis (0,y,0)
Points on the z-axis (0,0,z)

Figure pg 16 (Yudariah et. al.)

Example 1.6 Points in 3-D

Graph the following ordered triplets:

(a) (10,20,10)
(b) (-12, 6, 12)
(c) (-12,-18,-6)
(d) (20,-10,18)

10

(pg 17 Ydriah)

Sketching Graphs of Two Variable


Functions

Two ways to picture the values of a function

A contour plot, or a two-dimensional picture of


the level curves of the surface, which have
equations of the form where k is a constant.

The graph of the function, which is the set of


points in three-dimensional space satisfying

11

Graphing Functions of Two Variables

Two
variables function graph give a surface of
its domain is in -plane.
The value of is the distance from plane to
axis.
Step to scratch the graph of :
1.
2.

12

Draw the level curves in the domain where


has a value
Sketch the surface in space.

Definition

The
set of points in the plane where are
constants is called the level curve.
The set of level curve is called contour
curve.
The surface is the set of all points in space.

13

Level Curves

Focus

of Attention

What is a level curve of


How do you generate a family of level curves
or contour plot?
How do the level curves help you to visualize
the shape of the surface?

14

Relationship between Graphs of Surfaces


and Level Curves

15

Relationship between Graphs of Surfaces


and Level Curves

is a function the level curve for k is the


If
set of points in the plane such that
To find the level curve for , we solve identify
the equation of the curve and then sketch the
curve in the xy-plane.

Level curves graphs in 2-space.

16

Relationship between Graphs of Surfaces


and Level Curves

17

Contour
plot

Illustration

Sketching
level curves and contour plot:
Range of function determine the values on
the constant
Level curves traces of in horizontal planes
projected onto the -plane.
Contour plot family of level curves.

18

Example 1.8

(pg 19 Yudariah)

Sketch
the contour plot of using level curves
at

19

Solution example 1.8

20

Example 1.10

(pg 21 Yud)

Sketch
the contour plot of using level curves
at

21

Solution example 1.10

22

Example

A function is defined as with domain .

Show the level curve at and . Then sketch the graph of


Solution:
Let
Which is
As (a circle with radius )
(a circle with radius )
(a circle with radius )
(a circle with radius )
23

24

The Contour Curve

25

Important Facts

Level
curves have equations of the form
The graphs of level curves for are curves in
the plane (2-space)
The graph of is a surface in 3-space.

29

Function with Three Variables

Function
of three variables is a rule that maps
the dependent variables to the independent
variable
The domain is the set of numbers that is
mapped to the independent variable and the
range consists of the output values for
Example for the function with 3 variables

30

Example 1.22

(pg 52, Yud)

Let .
(a) Evaluate
(b) Determine the domain and range

31

Solution Example 1.22

(a)

The value

(b) Domain: set of for for all

32

points in space.

Example 1.5

Given

33

(pg 8 muz)

. Find The domain and the range.

Solution Example 1.5

For the values of and can be any values and


the values of is defined for Hence,

The values of can be any numbers, hence the


range of

34

Example 1.6

Given Find
Find also the domain and range.

35

Solution Example 1.6

For the values of and can be any values.


Hence

The values of are nonnegative, and the


values of sine function is between 1 and -1.
Hence

36

Level surface of Three Variables


Functions

Level
surface, is the set of points where
and is a constant value.
The values can be set by ourselves, such that
, it will get 3 level surface with shape of the
surface same like each others but with
differ size.

37

Step to get Level Surface

Step
1: Let the such that is a constant.
Step 2: Use the idea of sketch the graph for
function with two variable, such that

38

Example 1.7:

pg 10.muz

Describe the level surface of for .

39

Solution Example 1.7:

Solution:

The level of surface are the graph of


When

[Note: is the sphere equation, is radius]


40

pg 10.muz

Solution Example 1.7:

Sphere with radius 0


Sphere with radius 2
Sphere with radius 0

41

pg 10.muz

42

Example 1.8

Given

a function,
Sketch the level surfaces of for

43

pg 11.muz

Solution Example 1.8

The

level surfaces of the graphs

or
When
; a cone vertex
; a cone vertex
; a cone vertex

44

Solution Example 1.8

45

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