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Materials Safehandling & Storage

This document provides an overview of safe materials handling and storage. It discusses common materials handling injuries and their causes. Both manual and mechanical materials handling are covered, including guidelines for safe lifting, carrying, storage of specific materials, and use of personal protective equipment. Proper lifting technique with an emphasis on lifting with the legs rather than back is demonstrated. Personnel selection factors and safety considerations for equipment like hand trucks are also summarized.

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Erickson Malicsi
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61 views36 pages

Materials Safehandling & Storage

This document provides an overview of safe materials handling and storage. It discusses common materials handling injuries and their causes. Both manual and mechanical materials handling are covered, including guidelines for safe lifting, carrying, storage of specific materials, and use of personal protective equipment. Proper lifting technique with an emphasis on lifting with the legs rather than back is demonstrated. Personnel selection factors and safety considerations for equipment like hand trucks are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Erickson Malicsi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATERIALS SAFEHANDLING &

STORAGE

Basic Occupational Safety and Health


Course

AGENDA

INTRODUCTION
MATERIAL HANDLING PROBLEMS
TYPES OF MATERIAL HANDLING
GUDELINES FOR MANUAL LIFTING
LIFTING & CARRYING
PERSONNEL SELECTION FOR MATERIAL HANDLING
MECHANICAL LIFTING
STORAGE OF SPECIFIC MATERIALS
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
SHIPPING & RECEIVING
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
MATERIAL HANDLING & WAREHOUSING ILLUSTRATION

INTRODUCTION

Almost every Supervisor, at one time or another,


has had to handle materials on the job.
Materials handling may be done manually or w/
mechanical equipment, but either way, material
handling can be a source of occupational injury.

Handling of materials accounts for 20 - 25 % of


all occupational injuries. These injuries occur in
every part of an operation, not just the
stockroom or warehouse.

Strains, sprains, fractures & contusions are the


common injuries.

MATERIAL HANDLING
CONSIDERATIONS

Can the job be engineered to eliminate or reduce


manual handling?
Can the material be conveyed or moved
mechanically?
In what ways do the materials being handled (such
as chemicals, dusts, rough & sharp objects) cause
injury?
Can employees be given handling aids, such as
properly sized boxes, adequate trucks, or hooks,
that will make their job safer?
Would protective clothing, or other personal
equipment, help prevent injuries?
Would training & more effective management help
reduce injuries?

MATERIAL HANDLING
PROBLEMS
Common

injuries are strains, sprains,


fractures & bruises. These are primarily
caused by unsafe practices - improper
lifting, carrying too heavy load, incorrect
gripping, failing to observe proper foot or
hand clearance, & failing to use or wear
proper equipment &/or personal protective
equipment & clothing

Property

damage & serious injury / fatality


caused by mechanical equipment!

TYPES OF MATERIAL
HANDLING

MANUAL
Individual Capacity
25 kgfemale
50 kgmale
Accessories
2 wheeled hand trucks
4 wheeled hand trucks
Crowbars
Shovel

MECHANICAL

Powered Hand

Truck
Crane
Hoist
Forklift
Boom Truck
Heavy - Duty
Truck
Tractors
Railroad Cars
Conveyors
Pipelines

Pallets!
Carton Clamps
Wire Ropes
Lifting Bars

GUIDELINES FOR
MANUAL LIFTING

Inspect materials for slivers, jagged


edges, burrs, rough or slippery surfaces
Get a firm grip on the object
Keep fingers away from pinch points,
especially when putting materials down
When handling lumber, pipe or other long
objects, keep hands away from the ends
to prevent them from being pinched
Wipe off greasy, wet, slippery, or dirty
objects before trying to handle them
Keep hands free of oil & grease

LIFTING & CARRYING

Never let workers overexert themselves when lifting.


If the load is thought to be more than one person can
handle, assign another person or more to the job!
Lift gradually, w/o jerking, to minimize the effects of
acceleration!
Keep the load close to the body
Lift w/o twisting the body
Follow the six-step lifting procedure
Keep feet parted - one alongside, one behind the object
Keep back straight, nearly vertical
Tuck your chin in
Grip the object w/ the whole hand
Tuck elbows & arms in
Keep body weight directly over feet

LIFTING & CARRYING

LIFTING & CARRYING


STAND
close to
the load

Bend
your
knees not
your
back!

Get Help
with
heavy or
awkward
loads!

Let
your
legs do
the
lifting

Use
the
right
tools!

Back Injuries

Interestingly, while many people know the role


cholesterol, diet and exercise plays in preventing heart
attack, few persons know how to prevent spine
problems, or a "back attack." While everyone
understands that chest pain is a signal from the body
that something is wrong, random bouts of back pain
are largely ignored until the problem becomes more
serious, and a disc is herniated.

Your Spine

The spine includes vertebrae


(bones), discs (cartilaginous
pads or shock absorbers), the
spinal cord and nerve roots
(neurological wiring system),
and blood vessels
(nourishment). Ligaments link
bones together, and tendons
connect muscles to bones and
discs. The ligaments, muscles,
and tendons work together to
handle the external forces the
spine encounters during
movement, such as bending
forward and lifting.

Back Injuries
Some

back injuries involve the soft


tissue that is the muscle, ligament type
injury.
A more serious injury occurs when the
discs of the spine are involved.

Your Spine
This

is a normal spine.

The normal anatomy of the spine


is usually described by dividing up
the spine into 3 major sections:
The cervical,
The thoracic, and
The lumbar spine. (Below the
lumbar spine is a bone called the
sacrum, which is part of the
pelvis). Each section is made up of
individual bones called vertebrae.
There are 7 cervical vertebrae, 12
thoracic vertebrae, and 5 lumbar
vertebrae.

Your Spine

The

spine is composed

of:
Vertebra
Discs
Spinal Cord and Nerves

Your Spine

The vertebrae are separated


by intervertebral discs
which act as cushions
between the bones.
Each disc is made up of two
parts. The hard, tough outer
layer called the annulus
surrounds a mushy, moist
center termed the nucleus.

Disc Problems

In between each of the five lumbar


vertebrae (bones) is a disc, a tough
fibrous shock-absorbing pad.
Endplates line the ends of each
vertebra and help hold individual
discs in place.
Excess spinal pressure can cause
these discs to be compressed until
they rupture.
Disc herniation occurs when the
annulus breaks open or cracks,
allowing the nucleus to escape. This
is called a Herniated Disc.

Disc Herniation Factors

Many factors increase the risk for disc herniation:


(1) Lifestyle choices such as tobacco use, lack of regular
exercise, and inadequate nutrition substantially contribute to
poor disc health.
(2) As the body ages, natural biochemical changes cause
discs to gradually dry out affecting disc strength and
resiliency.
(3) Poor posture combined with the habitual use of
incorrect body mechanics stresses the lumbar spine and
affects its normal ability to carry the bulk of the body's
weight.

Disc Degeneration
Disc Degeneration: chemical changes
associated with aging causes discs to
weaken, but without a herniation.
Prolapse: the form or position of the disc
changes with some slight impingement
into the spinal canal. Also called a bulge
or protrusion.
Extrusion: the gel-like nucleus pulposus
breaks through the tire-like wall
(annulus fibrosus) but remains within
the disc.
Sequestration or Sequestered Disc: the
nucleus pulposus breaks through the
annulus fibrosus and lies outside the disc
in the spinal canal (HNP).

Disc Problems

Combine these factors with the affects from daily wear and
tear, injury, incorrect lifting, or twisting and it is easy to
understand why a disc may herniate. For example, lifting
something incorrectly can cause disc pressure to rise to
several hundred pounds per square inch!

A herniation may develop suddenly or gradually over


weeks or months.

RULES FOR LIFTING


Never

Bend, Lift,
and Twist at the
same time!
Use mechanical
aids or assistance
when possible.
Bend your knees
and use your legs
to lift!

Proper Lifting

Plan the Lift.


Before attempting to lift or
move something heavy, it is
important to step back and
analyze what needs to be
accomplished. Think about how
heavy the object is, how far it
has to be moved, where it is
going to end up? What is the
shape of the object? Is it
cumbersome, will it be easily
manipulated? Is it a two-person
job? Is there anything in the way
that needs to be moved prior to
lifting? Stand directly in front of
the load, with feet about
shoulder width apart. One foot
should be in front of the other
for balance. ( See Figure 1)

Figure 1

Proper Lifting
Correct Positioning.
Get Help if Needed. If
the load is too heavy,
DON'T TRY TO LIFT IT
ALONE. Find someone
who can help carry it, or if
possible, break the load
into two smaller, more
manageable loads. Bend
the knees and tighten the
stomach muscles. Using
both hands, grasp the
object firmly and pull it as
close as possible to your
body. (See Figure 2 and

Figure 2

Proper Lifting
Lift

With the Legs -- NOT


THE BACK.
Since leg muscles are
stronger than back muscles,
lift with the legs, until they are
straightened. Avoid jerky
movements. Keep the natural
curve in the spine; don't bend
at the waist. To turn, move the
feet around by pivoting on the
toes, not by twisting at the
stomach. (See Figure 4)

Figure 3

Proper Lifting

When it is time to set the load


down, it is very important that it is
done correctly. Reverse the
procedures for lifting to minimize
the strain on the back. If the load
is going to set on the floor, bend
the knees and position the load in
front of you. If the load is to go at
table height, set it down and keep
in contact with the load until it is
secure on the table.

Figure 4

Proper Lifting

There is one final important rule: "THINK BEFORE YOU


LIFT". It is better for workers to use their own common sense
than to teach them specific lifting, pushing, pulling, walking,
climbing or jumping procedures. This is not to imply that
unsafe behaviors should not be pointed out to others and
corrected. For example, "common sense" may tell certain
people to jump down from heights of several feet. Certainly,
when people exhibit this type of behavior or when they attempt
to carry two hundred pounds, the errors of their behavior
should be brought to their attention. Remember, in lifting, you
are the major cause of your injuries; therefore, you have the
major responsibility for preventing them.

PERSONNEL SELECTION FOR


MATERIAL HANDLING

SCREENING BEFORE EMPLOYMENT

CAPABILTIES

MEDICAL EXAMINATION

HAND TRUCKS
HAZARDS
RUNNING

WHEELS OVER FEET


JAMMING HANDS BETWEEN
THE TRUCK & OTHER OBJECTS
COLLIDING W/ OTHER TRUCKS
OR OBSTRUCTIONS
RUNNING WHEELS OFF BRIDGE
PLATES OR PLATFORMS

MECHANICAL LIFTING
EQUIPMENT

& ACCESSORIES

INSPECTION
MAINTENANCE
LICENSED

OPERATORS

EXPERIENCED

RIGGER / SPOTTER

Order Picker

Turret Truck

Reach Type Outrigger

STORAGE OF SPECIFIC
MATERIALS

TEMPORARY & PERMANENT STORAGE SHOULD BE SECURE, NEAT


& ORDERLY

ALLOW ADEQUATE CEILING CLEARANCE UNDER THE SPRINKLERS


(18-36)

KEEP ALL THE EXITS & AISLES CLEAR AT ALL TIMES

USE BINS & RACKS TO FACILITATE STORAGE & REDUCE HAZARDS

SEGREGATION & ISOLATION


6 M SAFE DISTANCE
Cartons..Lumbers..Bagged
Materials..Barrels..Pipes..Liquid Containers..Paints &
Thinners..Gasoline / Diesel..Oxygen & Acetylene
Cylinders

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
FLAMMABLE
COMBUSTIBLE
ACID
GASES
OXIDIZER

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
SAFETY

SHOES

GLOVES
GOGGLES
APRONS
LEGGINGS
BACK

BELT

MATERIAL HANDLING &


WAREHOUSING ILLUSTRATION

Pallets

Stacking

THANK YOU

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