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Introduction to ECLIPSE 100

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Section-header Keywords

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What is it ECLIPSE 100

?
How to start?

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General Informations

Input data file

Keywords in Sections

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Running Simulation

Sample Simulation

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Section-header
Keywords

What is it ECLIPSE 100?

Keywords in
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Running
Simulation

Program is written in FORTRAN77 and operate on any computer with an

ANSI-standard FORTRAN77 compiler and with sufficient memory.

ECLIPSE 100 can be used to simulate 1, 2 or 3 phase systems. Two

phase options (oil/water, oil/gas, gas/water) are solved as two
component systems saving both computer storage and computer
time. In addition to gas dissolving in oil (variable bubble point
pressure or gas/oil ratio), ECLIPSE 100 may also be used to model
oil vaporizing in gas (variable dew point pressure or oil/gas ratio).

Both corner-point and conventional block-center geometry options are

available in ECLIPSE. Radial and Cartesian block-center options are
available in 1, 2 or 3 dimensions. A 3D radial option completes the circle
allowing flow to take place across the 0/360 degree interface.

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ECLIPSE 100 is a fully-implicit, three phase, three dimensional,

general purpose black oil simulator with gas condensate option.

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Running
Simulation

To run simulation you need an input file with all data

concerning reservoir and process of its exploitation.

Input data for ECLIPSE is prepared in free format using a

keyword system. Any standard editor may be used to prepare
the input file. Alternatively ECLIPSE Office may be used to
prepare data interactively through panels, and submit runs.

The name of input file has to be in the following format:

FILENAME.DATA

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Section-header
Keywords
Keywords in
Sections

Running
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An ECLIPSE data input file is split into sections, each of which

is introduced by a section-header keyword. A list of all
section-header keywords is given in following, together
with a brief description of the contents of each section and
examples of keywords using in file code.
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Input data file

Note that section keywords in input file have to be in proper order.

The keywords in the input data file (including section-header keywords) are
each of up to 8 characters in length and must start in column 1. All
characters up to column 8 are significant. Any characters on the same
line as a keyword from column 9 onwards will be treated as a comment.

Use @frame command under UNIX system

to read Reference Manual

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Section-header keywords
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Section-header
Keywords
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Running
Simulation

RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
PROPS

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REGIONS
SOLUTIO
N
SUMMAR
Y
The sections must be specified in the shown order. It may be helpful
SCHEDUL
to use a mnemonic to remember the order (for example RUth
E
GReets EDgar PROPerly at REGgie's SOcial SUMMer SCHool).

It is recommended that the body of sections which are not

frequently changed be held in separate files which are
included in the data using the INCLUDE keyword.

A data record has to be ended with a slash [/]

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The list of section-header keywords in proper order:

Section-header keywords
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Section-header
Keywords

RUNSPEC
Status: REQUIRED

Keywords in
Sections

Title, problem dimensions, switches, phases present,

components etc.
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GRID
Status: REQUIRED
The GRID section determines the basic geometry of the simulation
grid and various rock properties (porosity, absolute
permeability, net-to-gross ratios) in each grid cell. From this
information, the program calculates the grid block pore
volumes, mid-point depths and inter-block transmissibilities.

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Section-header keywords
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EDIT
Status: OPTIONAL

Keywords in
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Modifications to calculated pore volumes, grid block

centre depths and transmissibilities.
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PROPS
Status: REQUIRED
Tables of properties of reservoir rock and fluids as
functions of fluid pressures, saturations and
compositions (density, viscosity, relative
permeability, capillary pressure etc.). Contains the
equation of state description in compositional runs.

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REGIONS

Section-header
Keywords
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Running
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Splits computational grid into regions for calculation of:

- PVT properties (fluid densities and viscosities),
- saturation properties (relative permeabilities and capillary pressures)
- initial conditions, (equilibrium pressures and saturations)
- fluids in place (fluid in place and inter-region flows)
If this section is omitted, all grid blocks are put in region 1.

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SOLUTION
Status: REQUIRED
Specification of initial conditions in reservoir - may be:
- calculated using specified fluid contact depths to give potential equilibrium
- read from a restart file set up by an earlier run
- specified by the user for every grid block (not recommended for general use)
This section contains sufficient data to define the initial state (pressure,
saturations, compositions) of every grid block in the reservoir.
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Status: OPTIONAL

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Running
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Status: OPTIONAL
Specification of data to be written to the Summary file
after each time step. Necessary if certain types of
graphical output (for example water-cut as a function
of time) are to be generated after the run has finished.
If this section is omitted no Summary files are created.

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SUMMARY

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SCHEDULE
Status: REQUIRED
Specifies the operations to be simulated (production and injection
controls and constraints) and the times at which output reports are
required. Vertical flow performance curves and simulator tuning
parameters may also be specified in the SCHEDULE section.

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TITLE
DIMENS

title
number of blocks in X,Y,Z directions

OIL, WATER, GAS, VAPOIL,

DISGAS
FIELD/METRIC/LA
B
WELLDIMS
UNIFIN
UNIFOUT
START
NOSIM

the active phases present

unit convention

well and group dimensions

indicates that input files are unified
indicates that output files are unified
start date of the simulation
data checking only, with no
simulation
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RUNSPEC section

Keywords in sections
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GRID section

Section-header
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TOPS

Running
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DX, DY, DZ

X,Y,Z-direction grid block sizes for the current box;

data is taken from Isopac map, and geological
model from IRAP

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PERMX, PERMY,
PERMZ

X,Y,Z-direction permeabilities for

the current box; data is taken from
Isopac map, and geological model from IRAP

PORO

grid block porosities for the current

box; data is taken from Isopac map,
and geological model from IRAP
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depths of top faces of grid blocks for the

current box; data is taken from Structure
map, and geological model from IRAP

Keywords in sections
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PROPS section

Section-header
Keywords

water relative permeability and capillary

pressure as functions of Sw

SOF3

tables
oil relative permeability as a function of saturation
So
from special
in three phase system
core analysis

Running
Simulation

SGFN

gas relative permeability and capillary

pressure as functions of Sg

Sample
Simulation

PVTO

FVF and viscosity of live oil as functions of

pressure and Rs

PVTG

reservoir fluid
FVF and viscosity of wet gas as functions properties
from
of pressure and Rv
PVT analysis

PVTW

FVF, compressibility and viscosity of water

Keywords in
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DENSITY
ROCK

stock tank fluid densities

NEX
T
REMOV
E

rock compressibility

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SWFN

Keywords in sections
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REGIONS section

Section-header
Keywords
Keywords in
Sections

FIPNUM

fluid-in-place regions

SATNUM

saturation table regions

EQLNUM

equilibration regions

PVTNUM

PVT data regions

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Keywords in sections
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SOLUTION section

Section-header
Keywords
Keywords in
Sections

EQUIL

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fluid contact depths and other

equilibration parameters;
data taken from well testing

RESTART

name of the restart file

RPTSOL

report switches for SOLUTION data

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Keywords in sections
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FOPT

Field Oil Production Total

FOPR

Field Oil Production Rate

FGOR

Field Gas-Oil Ratio

FWIR

Field Water Injection Rate

FOE

Field Oil Efficiency

FPR

Field PRessure

WBHP

Well Bottom Hole Pressure

FWCT

Field Water CuT

WOPR

Well Oil Production Rate

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SUMMARY section

See a part of
input file

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SCHEDULE sectio
n
RPTSCHED
TUNING

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WELSPECS

COMDAT
WCONPRO
D

time step and convergence controls

introduces a new well, defining its name, the
position of the wellhead, its bottom hole reference
depth
andthe
other
specification
data of one or more
specifies
position
and properties
well completions; this must be entered after the
WELSPECS
control data for production wells

WCONINJE

NEX
control data for injection wells T

WCONHIST

observed rates for history matchingREMOV

wells
E

TSTEP or
DATE

advances simulator to new report

time(s) or specified report date(s)
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report switches to select which simulation

results are to be printed at report times

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Section-header
Keywords
Keywords in
Sections

In the data following a keyword, asterisks may be used to signify repeat

counts. A data quantity can be repeated a required number of times by
preceding it with the required number and an asterisk.
There must be no intervening blank spaces next to the asterisk on either side.
For example, the two following cases are equivalent:

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See an example

RPTSCHED
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 2 0 0 2
/
RPTSCHED
11*0 2 2*0 2

Comments
Any lines beginning with the two characters -- are treated as comments, and
will be ignored by ECLIPSE. Comment lines (and blank lines also) may be
inserted anywhere in the data file. Comments may also be added to the
end of lines of data by beginning the comment with the two characters --,
but in this case the comments must not contain any quotes. Comments
can also be included, without the two characters --, on the same line after
a slash (/) which is used to terminate a data record.
See an example

Info

-- VARIATION OF INITIAL RS WITH DEPTH

--DEPTH
RS
RSVD
8200 1.270
8500 1.270 /

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Repeat counts

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Certain items of data can be defaulted to a built-in default value. The keyword
description will indicate when defaults can be applied. There are two ways of
setting quantities to their default values. Firstly, by ending a data record
prematurely with a slash (/) the quantities remaining unspecified will be set
to their default values. Secondly, selected quantities positioned before the
slash can be defaulted by entering n* where n is the number of consecutive
quantities to be defaulted. For example, 3* will cause the next three
quantities in the keyword data to be given their default values. There must
be no blank space between the number and the asterisk. If there is only one
item at a time to be defaulted, then 1* must be entered. An asterisk by itself
is not sufficient.
See an example

WCONPROD
'PRODUCER' 'OPEN' 'ORAT' 20000
/

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4*

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1000 /

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Default values

Running simulation
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Running simulation

Section-header
Keywords

When your input file is already prepared, type: @eclipse FILENAME (without suffix) in
UNIX, or click on Eclipse in Eclipse Launcher and go to the file that you have prepared
your data file and select the the data file and RUN

The simulation will start. While the model is running, status

reports will be written to the screen. The same information is also
written to the file FILENAME.PRT which is created in your folder. If
input file was not prepared properly the simulation would stop and
then you can check what was wrong. For this purpose you have to
look through FILENAME.PRT file and then try to correct mistakes.

After successful run you will get output files which can be
used with visualization software to preset simulation results.

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Sample simulation
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Sample simulation

Section-header
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In the following we will consider simple case of simulation

in purpose to familiarize with visualization software.

Detailed problem description with all needed data and input file for
ECLIPSE 100 can be obtain from the following links:

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Problem description
odeh.pdf file

Input data file

ODEH.DATA

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Sample simulation
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Statement of the problem

Section-header
Keywords

Keywords in
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See the grid model

Production will occure under gas drive.

There is no water phase present in ths simulation.

The reservoir is initially undersaturated. We assume that Rs

cannot rise and free gas does not dissolve in undersaturated oil.

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There will be consider simple model of reservoir consist of 10

layers and 10 grid blocks in X as well as in Y direction. Click
on link below to see grid block model used in simulation:

Use of DRSDT keyword

If DRSDT is set to 0, Rs cannot rise and free gas does
not dissolve in undersaturated oil (no re-solution).
At the other extreme, if DRSDT is very large, R s
rises very quickly until either the oil is saturated
or no free gas remains (total re-solution).

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10

1 2
3 4

X
5 6

10

1
2 Z
3

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Y 3 2
4

Sample simulation
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Section-header
Keywords

Running simulation

Run ECLIPSE 100 simulator with ODEH.DATA file

type in UNIX: @eclipse ODEH

When the run is finished, your folder contains the following files:

Keywords in
Sections

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ODEH.DBG
ODEH.EGRID
ODEH.PRT
ODEH.INIT
ODEH.SMSPEC
ODEH.UNRST
ODEH.UNSMRY
ODEH.RSSPEC
ODEH.INSPEC

Next step is visualization of obtained results

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Visualization software
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Section-header
Keywords

Visualization software

Visualization of obtained results can be made by using different software. We will present three
the most popular programs: In the first assignment, there is a guideline to use Eclipse Office.

Keywords in
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Running
Simulation

Floviz

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Excel

Eclipse
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GRAF
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FloViz

Click on FloViz on Eclipse Launcher panel.

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Click on Open and go to the specified folder where you have run the eclipse
data file and then press OK.

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Excel
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How to use ECLIPSE 100 output data to create plots in Excel?

Keywords in
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---------------SUMMARY
---------------EXCEL
SEPARATE

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To be able to make plots in Excel, you have to include in input data

file, under SUMMARY section-header keyword, the following keywords:

After succesful run a file named FILENAME.RSM will be created.

This file can be read by Excel, and data is in separated columns.

Then make plots in Exel as usual.

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These are sample plots made in Excel:

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References
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Section-header
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Keywords in
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ECLIPSE 100 Reference Manual 2001A, Schlumberger,

Geoquest
ECLIPSE 100 Technical Description 2001A, Schlumberger,
Geoquest
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