C#

Programming
Fundamentals I
Course Code 109
Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology
Jagath Wickramarathne
[email protected]
Lecture 2 - Learning C#
Basics
Introducing the .NET Platform.
Steps involved in C# program

development.
Computer Programming Languages.
What Is .NET?
Writing a Simple C# Program.
Commenting Code.
Identifiers and Keywords.
Convention and Style.
Getting Started with C# and Visual Studio
Sri Lanka Institute of
2
08 January 2010
Information
technology
2008.
How user interacts with

Computer
App
li
cati
o
n
Soft
w ar
e
http://www.nickhalstead.com/wp-content/computer-user.jpg

Information technology
08 January 2010
Software . . .?
http://patentu.blogspot.com/2007/03/what-is-software.html

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Why Computer Programs?
uter program is a sequence of instructions that enable a computer to accomplish a particul

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Computer Programming
Languages
A programming language is a machine-readable artificial
language
designed to express computations that can be performed by a
machine, particularly a computer.
Programming languages can be used to create
programs that specify the behavior of a machine,
to express algorithms precisely, or as a mode of human
communication.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language
http://www.levenez.com/lang/
http://www.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis400/

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How you can select a

Computer Programming
Language
How you can select a Computer Prog

ramming Language

08 January 2010
What Is .NET?
Microsoft .NET, is a platform for developing
software.
You are building applications on:
Microsoft .NET (pronounced Dot Net).
You learn about the parts of .NET,
including the Common Language Runtime

(CLR),
the .NET Framework Class Library, and how
.NET supports multiple languages.

08 January 2010
NET supports multiple programming

languages.
Literally dozens of languages target the .NET CLR as a

platform.
PF I
PF
II

ITA
08 January 2010
What Can a C# Program

Do?
Typical programming tasks includes
putting data into a database or
pulling it out, displaying high speed
graphics in a game or video,
controlling electronic devices
attached to the PC or even playing
music and/or sound effects.
You can even write software to
generate music or help you compose.
http://cplus.about.com/od/introductiontoprogramming/a/cshbeginners.htm

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08 January 2010
Is C# The Best Programming

Language?
Some computer languages were
written for a specific purpose.
Java was originally devised to control toasters.
C for Operating Systems Programming.
Pascal to teach good programming techniques.
But C# is a general purpose

language with features to make
programs more robust.
Fully OOP
Automatic garbage collection (dont have to delete objects)

No pointers
Only booleans allowed in if statements
Everything inherits from System.Object
Institute
Sri Lanka
Arrayof bounds
checking
at runtime
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08 January 2010
Which Computers Can Run

C#?
Any that can run the
.NET framework.
On Linux under MonoProject & IDE.

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08 January 2010
How Do I Get Started With

C#?
.NET framework.
First you need a Editor.
Then a C# compiler.
There are a number of commercial and free ones available.

The list below has instructions for downloading and installing two
free compilers.
Both are completely free and include an IDE to make life easier
for you to edit, compile and debug your applications.
Download and Install Borland's Turbo C# Explorer.
Download
Sri Lanka Institute
of
and Install Microsoft's Visual C# 2005 Express Edition.

13
08 January 2010
Could I Get A Programming

Job?
There are an increasing number of C# jobs
out there and it has the backing of Microsoft
so is likely to be around for a considerable
length of time.
The top three most popular programming
languages according to the quarterly
Tiobe.com survey, are Java, C and C#.
Eg. Search Google
most popular programming languages

C# + Salary

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08 January 2010
How to write Computer

Programs
There are four general phases
Specify the problem,
Analyze and break down into a
series of steps towards solution,
(i.e., design an algorithm),
Write the code,
Compile and run (i.e., test the
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08 January 2010
Informationprogram)
technology

development

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08 January 2010
C# Compilation Process
http://www.mastercsharp.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=90&&TopicID=4

17
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Where Do I Go Now?
First you have to learn to program in
C#.
Text Book
MSDN
Internet
E-books
Join The Forums
http://dotnetforum.lk/
Etc.
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08 January 2010
Writing a Simple C#
Program
Editor / IDE
Project Type
Notepad
Console Application
Visual Studio 2008
Windows Forms
Application
08 January 2010
Sri Lanka Institute of Information

technology
19
C# - Console Applications
using Visual Studio 2008 Command Prompt
Step I
Open a notepad.
Step II
Write the following code and save as FirstProgram.cs.
Step III
Open Visual Studio 2008 Command Prompt.
Change the current directory to the place where you
save FirstProgram.cs.
Step IV
Type csc FirstProgram1.cs compile command.
Step IV
Run FirstProgram1.exe
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08 January 2010

21
08 January 2010
Demo One
How to create a C# console
application using Visual Studio 2008
Command Prompt.

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08 January 2010
C# - Windows Applications
using Visual Studio 2008
Step I
Run Microsoft Visual studio 2008.
Step II
Create new project Windows Forms
Application
Step III
Design Interface / Form
Step IV
Compile
Step V
Run
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08 January 2010
Demo Two
How to create a C# Windows Forms
application using Visual Studio 2008.
Solution
Project
.EXE

24
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Demo Three
Navigating through Design and Code

modes.
Different windows / Features in

VS2008 IDE.

25
08 January 2010
C# - Convention and Style
It is common practice in C# to use whitespace and indentation to

facilitate easier reading of code.
The names should describe what the program does.
A program may have any amount of white-space between language

elements.
Identifiers are structured, using either Pascal casing or camel

casing.
In Pascal casing the first letter of each word in a name is capitalized

HelloWorld, DotProduct, and AmortizationSchedule.
This is normally used in all instances except for parameters (passed to
methods), private fields (class member variables), and local variables
(method variables).
With camel casing, the first letter of the first word is lowercase, and
subsequent words are capitalized.
bookTitle, employeeName, and totalCompensation.
Parameters, private fields, and local variables use camel casing.

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08 January 2010
Commenting Code
Part of writing good code is ensuring it is properly documented.
These commenting techniques prove useful any time you want to comment
out a block of incomplete code to get a good compile or any other time you
want to leave a block of code in place temporarily.
The compiler ignores comments when reading the source code.
There are three types of commenting syntax in C#:

single line
multiline
XML
The multiline and single-line comments are great for helping yourself or other
programmers understand your code.
Sri Lanka
XMLInstitute
documentation
commenting feature that is good for both reading code
of
08 January 2010
and providing
external 27
documentation.
Information
technology
Single-Line Comments
They begin with the double forward slash marker,
//The single-line comment
Multiline Comments
Multiline comment delimiters are the begin comment /* and end comment */ markers.
Anything between these two markers is considered a comment.
/*
* File Name: Program.cs
* Author: Nishani Ranpatabendi
*/
XML Documentation Comments
XML documentation comment supports tools that extract comments into an external XML document.
This XML can be consumed by tools or run through XSLT style sheets to produce readable documentation.
XML documentation comments start with a triple slash, ///, on each line.
///
///
///
///
<summary>
first method executed in application
</summary>
<param name=args>command-line options</param>
static void Main(string[] args)

{
Sri Lanka Institute
//of other code
28
}
08 January 2010
Identifiers and Keywords

Identifiers and keywords are important because
you need to know how to name your variables,
custom types, methods, and so on.
Identifiers are names of the types and variables in
your program.
Keywords are reserved words in the C# language.
The difference between identifiers and keywords
is that keywords are reserved for C# language
syntax and cant be used for naming your
variables, types, and so on.
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08 January 2010
Reserved words in the C#

language
You can prefix keywords with the @ character and use it as an

identifier.
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08 January 2010
Case Sensitive Languages

C# programming language is case sensitive.
If the language considers two identifiers to be
different if they consist of the same characters in
the same order except for variations in upper
and lower case.
Name name NAME would be three

different identifiers in a language which is
case sensitive.
C# is case sensitive.
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08 January 2010
Summery
Introducing the .NET Platform.
development.
Computer Programming Languages.
What Is .NET?
Writing a Simple C# Program.
Commenting Code.
Identifiers and Keywords.
Convention and Style.
Getting Started with C# and Visual Studio
2008.
32
08 January 2010
Reference
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vcsharp/bb798022.aspx
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Programming

Steps involved in C# program

How user interacts with

Sri Lanka Institute of

Sri Lanka Institute of

Why Computer Programs?

uter program is a sequence of instructions that enable a computer to accomplish a particul

Sri Lanka Institute of

Sri Lanka Institute of

How you can select a

How you can select a Computer Prog

Sri Lanka Institute of

including the Common Language Runtime

Sri Lanka Institute of

NET supports multiple programming

Literally dozens of languages target the .NET CLR as a

Sri Lanka Institute of

What Can a C# Program

Sri Lanka Institute of

Is C# The Best Programming

But C# is a general purpose

Automatic garbage collection (dont have to delete objects)

Which Computers Can Run

Sri Lanka Institute of

How Do I Get Started With

First you need a Editor.

There are a number of commercial and free ones available.

and Install Microsoft's Visual C# 2005 Express Edition.

Could I Get A Programming

most popular programming languages

Sri Lanka Institute of

How to write Computer

Steps involved in C# program

Sri Lanka Institute of

Sri Lanka Institute of

Visual Studio 2008

Sri Lanka Institute of Information

Sri Lanka Institute of

Sri Lanka Institute of

Sri Lanka Institute of

Navigating through Design and Code

Different windows / Features in

Sri Lanka Institute of

C# - Convention and Style

It is common practice in C# to use whitespace and indentation to

The names should describe what the program does.

A program may have any amount of white-space between language

Identifiers are structured, using either Pascal casing or camel

In Pascal casing the first letter of each word in a name is capitalized

Sri Lanka Institute of

Part of writing good code is ensuring it is properly documented.

The compiler ignores comments when reading the source code.

There are three types of commenting syntax in C#:

They begin with the double forward slash marker,

//The single-line comment

XML Documentation Comments

static void Main(string[] args)

Identifiers and Keywords